Collaborative Research: Evolving thicker skin: Understanding how adaptations to a universal trade-off dictate the climate vulnerability and ecology of an imperiled vertebrate clade
合作研究:进化更厚的皮肤:了解对普遍权衡的适应如何决定濒临灭绝的脊椎动物进化枝的气候脆弱性和生态
基本信息
- 批准号:2247610
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 49.83万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2023
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2023-08-01 至 2026-07-31
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Climate change is pushing many organisms towards their limits, forcing species to move, evolve, or risk extinction. Frogs are among the most vulnerable species on the planet with roughly a third already under threat of extinction. Frogs, and other amphibians, can breathe across their skin. However, their permeable skin leaves frogs sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, which is expected with climate change. Thus, understanding frog skin is key to understanding how frogs will react to climate change. Yet, knowledge of anuran skin evolution is surprisingly lacking. This project aims to measure variation in skin form and permeability and determine how skin variation affects key survival traits, like their ability to breathe and avoid dehydration. This project accomplishes a major goal in ecology by incorporating organismal physiology into predictions of climate vulnerability while simultaneously expanding our knowledge of a critically threatened animal group. Furthermore, frog “skin breathing” provides a framework to communicate complex topics ranging from evolution (e.g., convergence and adaptation) to physiology (e.g., oxygen transfer and water loss) to conservation (e.g., climate change). This project will: 1) mentor Native American students at USU and historically excluded students at ISU in research and 2) generate a low-cost, interactive, and publicly accessible frog skin activity focused on inquiry and discovery-based learning of evolutionary concepts.The work seeks to understand how a universal constraint underlying gas exchange dictates climate vulnerability and ecology in an imperiled vertebrate clade. Balancing the need for gas exchange with the risk of dehydration creates predictable evolutionary trade-offs across the tree of life and has selected for adaptations that decouple gas exchange from water loss (e.g. unique nasal morphologies in mammals and birds, stomata density and size in plants). Despite understanding the role of these clade-specific adaptations for promoting life in xeric environments,relatively little is known about the evolution of universal structures, such as skin. With their nearly worldwide distribution and reliance on their skin for gas exchange, anurans are an ideal system to investigate how skin has evolved to balance oxygen uptake and water loss in response to varying environmental selection pressures. The proposed project has three aims: 1) quantify how frog skin has evolved over the past 200 million years and in-response to what abiotic and biotic factors, 2) experimentally test anuran skin’s ability to decouple respiration and water loss, and 3) incorporate physiological data into activity budget models to improve an understanding of current anuran distributions and life-history evolution and predict species’ vulnerability to future climate change. Our integration of morphology, physiology, and modeling will tie skin form and physiology to anuran ecology and biogeography to improve our understanding of anuran distributions, life-history evolution, and species’ vulnerability to future climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
气候变化正在将许多生物推向极限,迫使物种迁移,进化或面临灭绝的风险。青蛙是地球上最脆弱的物种之一,大约三分之一的物种已经面临灭绝的威胁。青蛙和其他两栖动物可以通过皮肤呼吸。然而,它们的渗透性皮肤使青蛙对温度和湿度的变化敏感,这是气候变化的预期。因此,了解青蛙皮肤是了解青蛙如何应对气候变化的关键。然而,对无尾两栖动物皮肤进化的了解却令人惊讶地缺乏。该项目旨在测量皮肤形态和渗透性的变化,并确定皮肤变化如何影响关键的生存特征,如呼吸和避免脱水的能力。该项目通过将生物生理学纳入气候脆弱性的预测,同时扩大我们对严重受威胁动物群体的了解,实现了生态学的一个主要目标。此外,青蛙的“皮肤呼吸”提供了一个框架来交流复杂的话题,从进化(例如,收敛和适应)到生理学(例如,氧转移和水损失)到保存(例如,气候变化)。该项目将:1)指导USU的美洲原住民学生和ISU历史上被排斥的学生进行研究,2)产生一个低成本,互动和公开访问的青蛙皮肤活动,专注于探究和基于发现的进化概念学习。这项工作旨在了解气体交换的普遍约束如何决定濒危脊椎动物分支的气候脆弱性和生态。平衡对气体交换的需求与脱水的风险在整个生命树中创造了可预测的进化权衡,并选择了将气体交换与水分流失分离的适应性(例如哺乳动物和鸟类独特的鼻形态,植物中的气孔密度和大小)。尽管了解这些分支特异性适应在干旱环境中促进生命的作用,但对普遍结构(如皮肤)的进化知之甚少。无尾两栖动物几乎遍布世界各地,并且依赖皮肤进行气体交换,因此它们是研究皮肤如何进化以平衡氧气吸收和水分流失以应对不同环境选择压力的理想系统。拟议的项目有三个目标:1)量化青蛙皮肤在过去2亿年中是如何进化的,以及对什么样的非生物和生物因素的反应,2)实验性地测试无尾两栖动物皮肤分离呼吸和水分流失的能力,以及3)将生理数据纳入活动预算模型,以提高对当前无尾类分布和生命的理解-历史演变和预测物种对未来气候变化脆弱性。我们将形态学、生理学和建模相结合,将皮肤形态和生理学与无尾两栖动物生态学和地理学联系起来,以提高我们对无尾两栖动物分布、生活史进化和物种对未来气候变化的脆弱性的理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估,被认为值得支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Molly Womack其他文献
Molly Womack的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Molly Womack', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: ORCC: Saltwater Rising: Understanding how sea level rise affects coastal amphibians
合作研究:ORCC:盐水上升:了解海平面上升如何影响沿海两栖动物
- 批准号:
2307832 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 49.83万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2016
2016 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金
- 批准号:
1611752 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 49.83万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship Award
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Cell Research
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Cell Research (细胞研究)
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Research on the Rapid Growth Mechanism of KDP Crystal
- 批准号:10774081
- 批准年份:2007
- 资助金额:45.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
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