Escalation in Social Conflict

9309942普鲁特升级可以被定义为在冲突中改变使用更极端的战术，是与冲突有关的最重要问题的根源。我们从先前的研究中了解到，严重升级通常伴随着对自己(或自己的团体)和另一方的看法的变化，导致各方之间的关系逐步恶化，并在下一次冲突中进一步升级。但导致局势升级的条件和过程的细节尚不清楚。这个项目将开发一种新的、在生态上有效的实验室方法来研究社会冲突的升级，并将检验从升级的初步理论中得出的一些假设。这一新方法已成功地用于初步研究，纠正了过去研究冲突程序中的严重缺陷。这项研究旨在揭示升级的结构，它的直接心理前兆，以及产生它的一些条件。两个实验将考察将持续的烦恼和与对方的关系归咎于对方的效果。其余工作将涉及制定措施。将制定新的升级措施，让受试者对用来应对烦恼的主要策略进行评级。受试者还将从三个方面对这些策略进行评分，据信这三个维度会影响他们的选择：有效性、规范性和被憎恨的可能性。多元回归分析将评估各维度在不同条件下的重要性。许多心理状态也将被测量。这项研究将促进人们对人类经历中最具破坏性的力量之一的了解，有助于解释--并有望最终控制--如虐待配偶、城市骚乱和国家之间的武装冲突等现象。OM`Baerwald 3.人力资源D.材料重新预算1.1993财年SBER部门保留2.1994财年SBE向国会提出请求3.1995财年为SBE AD办公室和预算准备的分配`！。！。！。！。！。D z z(Times新罗马符号&amp；Arial x 55 x S“h ee！x@Pruitt Abstract Denise A.西班牙Denise A.西班牙

9309942 Pruitt Escalation, which can be defined as change toward the use of more extreme tactics in conflict, is the source of the most important problems associated with conflict. We know from prior research that heavy escalation is usually accompanied by changes in perceptions of self (or own group) and of the other party, leading to progressive worsening of relations between the parties and further escalation in the next conflict. But the details of the conditions and processes that produce escalation are as yet unknown. This project will develop a new, ecologically valid laboratory method for studying the escalation of social conflict and will test some hypotheses derived from a preliminary theory of escalation. The new method, which has been successfully used in a preliminary study, corrects serious defects in past procedures for studying conflict. The research is designed to reveal the structure of escalation, its immediate psychological antecedents, and some of the conditions producing it. Two experiments will examine the effects of blaming the other party for persistent annoyance and relationships with that party. The rest of the work will involve the development of measures. New measures of escalation will be devised by having subjects rate the major tactics used to cope with the annoyance. Subjects will also rate these tactics on three dimensions that are believed to influence choices among them: effectiveness, normativeness, and likelihood of being resented. A multiple regression analysis will assess the importance of the dimensions under various conditions. Many psychological states wi ll also be measured. The research will advance knowledge of one of the most destructive forces in human experience, helping to interpret -- and hopefully eventually to control -- such phenomena as spouse battering, urban riots, and armed conflict between nations. om ` ` Baerwald 3. Human Resources D. Material re budgets 1. FY 1993 SBER Division reserve 2. FY 1994 SBE request to Congress 3. FY 1995 spread prepared for SBE AD's office and Budget ` ` !. !. !. !. !. D z z ( Times New Roman Symbol & Arial x x 5 5 x s " h E1 e ! x @ Pruitt Abstract Denise A. Spain Denise A. Spain