Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Moderators of Cognitive Appraisal and Cardiovascular Reactivity

唤醒的沉淀及其维持、减少和增强是人格、社会心理学和心理生理学等领域唤醒调节理论研究的重点。在过去的三十年中，这些领域的觉醒调节理论有了显著的进步，反映了理论和方法的复杂性。然而，这些进步都是相对独立地发生的。由于觉醒调节过程是多重决定的，多种理论和方法的整合将大大促进对觉醒调节过程的理解。本研究将探讨生物心理社会（BPS）唤醒调节模型的可行性。BPS模型适用于广泛的基于唤醒的心理现象和行为。最近的BPS研究一致表明，对潜在唤起情景的认知评估介导了生理反应，例如挑战评估导致心肌反应性增加，威胁评估导致血管反应性增加。这些数据首次证明了心血管反应的分异是对积极应对任务的分类不同评价的函数。这项研究将有助于理清显然相互矛盾的文献，将心血管反应性与成绩提高和心脏病风险增加联系起来。提出的BPS模型的实验测试基于不同领域的理论和实证工作，包括情感、自尊和纯粹的存在。采用自我报告和生理测量的一系列五个实验将检验在BPS模型中指定的调节认知评价和自主反应的个人和人际变量。本研究的结果不仅对BPS模型的发展具有重要意义，而且对调节变量（如情感和自尊）本身的理论和研究也具有重要意义。此外，研究结果将对心血管和心理健康产生直接影响。

ABSTRACT The precipitation of arousal as well as its maintenance, reduction, and enhancement are the focus of arousal regulation theories in the fields of personality, social psychology, and psychophysiology. Arousal regulation theories in these fields have advanced markedly over the last three decades reflecting increased theoretical and methodological sophistication. Yet, these advances have occurred relatively independently. Because arousal regulation processes are multiply determined, integration of diverse theories and methods should advance understanding of arousal regulation processes substantially. This research will examine the viability of the biopsychosocial (BPS) arousal regulation model. The BPS model is applicable to a broad range of arousal-based psychological phenomena and behaviors. Recent BPS research has demonstrated consistently that cognitive appraisal of potentially evocative situations mediates physiological responses such that challenge appraisals result in increased myocardial reactivity and threat appraisals in increased vascular reactivity. These data represent the first demonstration of the fractionation of cardiovascular responses as a function of categorically different appraisals of an active coping task. This research will help disentangle apparently conflicting literatures linking cardiovascular reactivity to both performance increments and increased risk for heart disease. The experimental tests of the BPS model proposed are based on theoretical and empirical work from diverse areas including affect, self-esteem, and mere presence. A series of five experiments employing both self-report and physiological measures will examine intrapersonal and interpersonal variable moderating cognitive appraisal and autonomic reactivity as specified in the BPS model. The results of this research will not only have important implications for the BPS model but also for theory and research in the domains of the moderating variables (e.g., affect and self- esteem) themselves. In addition, the results of the research will have direct implications for cardiovascular and mental health.