Management and Scientific Services in Support of the U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study

史密斯9310577支持美国联合全球海洋观测系统阿拉伯海过程的管理和科学服务研究在阿拉伯海观察到了地球上任何地方对海洋性质的一些最强烈的大气强迫，在那里季节性逆转的季风风驱动着快速流动的垂直广泛的洋流，复杂的涡旋场，大范围的开阔海洋上升流，沿海上升流和明显的混合层加深。该地区的生产循环是由海洋对季风风的响应驱动的，因此表现出大的和规则的季节振荡。在西南季风季(6-9月包括在内)，初级生产力最大是由于强风，这不仅导致营养丰富的深水抬升，而且还将风尘带到这个热带海洋的表层。在东北季风期间(10-11月包括在内)和季风间期，初级生产力显著降低。选择阿拉伯海作为进程研究地点的一个主要理由是该区域强烈的、季节性逆转的物质强迫。可以肯定地说，在这个项目中工作的任何调查人员都不能在不了解物理制度的情况下正确解释她/他的数据。对于美国JGOFS阿拉伯海过程研究这样规模的考察，9次巡航分布在一个年度季风周期中，有必要提供一套一致的背景密度、示踪剂和营养场的测量结果。这些数据对于解释和分辨季节变化的背景平均流至关重要，这是探险队进行更专门的远洋和底栖动物研究的背景。这些测量还需要估计营养物质进入真光区的运输，并提供对生理过程施加的化学限制的洞察。该项目将提供基本的背景观测计划，其中将包括基于船舶的深度分辨温度、盐度、营养物质、氧气和洋流的测量。在整个考察过程中，采用的方法将是标准化和一致的，使用美国JGOFS或美国WOCE已经制定的方案，或在考察开始之前所有调查人员同意的方案。***

Smith 9310577 Management and Scientific Services in Support of the U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study Some of the strongest atmospheric forcing of oceanic properties anywhere on our planet is observed in the Arabian Sea where seasonally reversing monsoon winds drive fast-flowing, vertically extensive currents, complex eddy fields, broad-scale, open ocean upwelling, coastal upwelling and pronounced mixed-layer deepening. Cycles of production in this region are driven by the ocean's response to monsoon winds and therefore exhibit large and regular seasonal oscillations, During the southwest monsoon season (June-September inclusive), primary productivity is maximal owing to strong winds which not only cause the uplift of deep water rich in nutrients, but also deliver aeolian dust to the surface layer of this tropical ocean. During the northeast monsoon (October-November inclusive) and intermonsoon periods, primary productivity is markedly reduced. A major rationale for the choice of the Arabian Sea as a process study site is the strong and seasonally reversing physical forcing of the region. It is safe to say no investigator working in this program will be able to properly interpret her/his data without understanding the physical regime. For an expedition of the scale of the U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study, 9 cruises spread over an annual monsoon cycle, it is necessary to provide a consistent set of measurements of the background density, tracer and nutrient fields. These data are crucial for the interpretation and resolution of the seasonally changing, background mean flows which are the setting for the more specialized pelagic and benthic studies of the expedition. These measurements are also needed to estimate the transport of nutrients into the euphotic zone and to provide insight into the chemical constraints placed upon physiological processes. This project will provide the basic, background observational program which will include ship- based measurement of depth-resolved temperature, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, and currents. The methods to be employed will be standardized and consistent throughout the expedition, using protocols already established either by U.S. JGOFS or U.S. WOCE or protocols agreed upon by all investigators prior to the beginning of the expedition. ***