Management and Scientific Services in Support of the U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study

支持美国JGOFS阿拉伯海过程研究的管理和科学服务在我们的星球上任何地方都观察到一些最强的大气强迫海洋属性在阿拉伯海，季节性的季风逆转驱动快速流动，垂直扩展的洋流，复杂的涡流场，大规模的开放海洋上升流，沿海上升流和明显的混合层深化。在西南季风季节（包括6月至9月），初级生产力是最大的，因为强风不仅会引起富含营养物质的深水的隆起，而且还会将风沙带到热带海洋的表层。在东北季风（包括10 - 11月）和季风间期，初级生产力显著降低。选择阿拉伯海作为过程研究地点的一个主要理由是该地区强大的季节性逆转的自然强迫。可以肯定地说，在这个项目中工作的任何研究者都不能在不了解物理机制的情况下正确地解释她/他的数据。对于美国JGOFS阿拉伯海过程研究的规模考察，在每年的季风周期中进行9次巡航，有必要提供一套一致的背景密度，示踪剂和营养场的测量。这些数据对于解释和解决季节变化的背景平均流量至关重要，而背景平均流量是考察中更专业的远洋和底栖生物研究的基础。这些测量也需要估计营养物质进入光区的运输，并提供对生理过程的化学限制的见解。该项目将提供基本的背景观测计划，其中包括基于船舶的深度分辨温度、盐度、营养物质、氧气和洋流的测量。在整个考察过程中，所采用的方法将是标准化和一致的，使用美国JGOFS或美国WOCE已经制定的协议，或在考察开始前由所有调查人员商定的协议。＊＊＊

Smith 9310577 Management and Scientific Services in Support of the U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study Some of the strongest atmospheric forcing of oceanic properties anywhere on our planet is observed in the Arabian Sea where seasonally reversing monsoon winds drive fast-flowing, vertically extensive currents, complex eddy fields, broad-scale, open ocean upwelling, coastal upwelling and pronounced mixed-layer deepening. Cycles of production in this region are driven by the ocean's response to monsoon winds and therefore exhibit large and regular seasonal oscillations, During the southwest monsoon season (June-September inclusive), primary productivity is maximal owing to strong winds which not only cause the uplift of deep water rich in nutrients, but also deliver aeolian dust to the surface layer of this tropical ocean. During the northeast monsoon (October-November inclusive) and intermonsoon periods, primary productivity is markedly reduced. A major rationale for the choice of the Arabian Sea as a process study site is the strong and seasonally reversing physical forcing of the region. It is safe to say no investigator working in this program will be able to properly interpret her/his data without understanding the physical regime. For an expedition of the scale of the U.S. JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study, 9 cruises spread over an annual monsoon cycle, it is necessary to provide a consistent set of measurements of the background density, tracer and nutrient fields. These data are crucial for the interpretation and resolution of the seasonally changing, background mean flows which are the setting for the more specialized pelagic and benthic studies of the expedition. These measurements are also needed to estimate the transport of nutrients into the euphotic zone and to provide insight into the chemical constraints placed upon physiological processes. This project will provide the basic, background observational program which will include ship- based measurement of depth-resolved temperature, salinity, nutrients, oxygen, and currents. The methods to be employed will be standardized and consistent throughout the expedition, using protocols already established either by U.S. JGOFS or U.S. WOCE or protocols agreed upon by all investigators prior to the beginning of the expedition. ***