Surfactants with Two Hydrophilic and Two Hydrophobic Groups;Chemical Structure/Interfacial Property Relationships, Molecular Interactions, and Synergism

9312715罗森 化学品对环境的影响越来越引起人们的关注。最大限度地减少化学品（如表面活性剂）对环境影响的一种方法是提高其效率和有效性。 对于给定的性能水平，则需要较少的化学原料，并且必须处理较少的化学流出物。 一种在分子中含有两个亲水基团或两个疏水基团的新型表面活性剂（称为“双子”型）最近已被证明具有比可比较的常规表面活性剂大一到两个以上数量级的表面活性，这取决于表面活性剂结构。 在最初的研究中，它还显示出与其他表面活性剂的相互作用比可比较的常规表面活性剂更强。 由于增加的相互作用强度增加了表面活性剂混合物中协同作用的可能性，这表明当与其他表面活性剂混合时，geminis更有可能在界面性质上表现出协同作用。 这个建议是一个系统的研究化学结构/基本的界面性质的关系，包括在混合单分子层和混合胶束的相互作用，定义明确，纯化良好的双子座，要在我们的研究所合成的大部分。 必要的数据可以从平衡和动态表面张力测量，补充的胶束溶液和反射吸收FTIR研究的单分子膜的NMR研究。 除了增加我们的知识的结构/界面性能的关系和混合胶束和单分子膜中的分子相互作用，本研究的结果应提供指导原则的设计和使用的表面活性剂系统，最大限度地提高所需的界面性能和最小化的环境影响的工业用途。 ***

9312715 Rosen The environmental impact of chemicals causes increasing concern.. One method of minimizing the environmental effects of chemicals such as surfactants that are used for their "performance" is to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. For a given level of performance, less chemical raw material is then required and less chemical effluent must be treated. A new type of surfactant that contains two hydrophilic groups of two hydrophobic groups in the molecule (called "gemini" type) has recently been shown to have surface activity form one to more than two orders of magnitude greater than comparable conventional surfactant, depending upon surfactant structure. It has also been shown, in initial studies, to interact more strongly with other surfactants than comparable conventional surfactants. Since increased interaction strength increases the probability of synergy in mixtures of surfactants, this indicated that geminis are more likely to exhibit synergism in interfacial properties when mixed with other surfactants. This proposal is for a systematic study of chemical structure/fundamental interfacial property relationships, including interactions in mixed monolayers and mixed micelles, of well-defined, well-purified geminis, to be synthesized for the most part in our institute. The necessary data can be obtained from equilibrium and dynamic surface tension measurements, supplemented by NMR studies on micellar solutions and reflectance-absorbance FTIR studies on monolayers. In addition to increasing our knowledge of structure/interfacial property relationships and of molecular interactions in mixed micelles and monolayers, the results of this study should provide guidelines for the design and use of surfactant systems with maximized desired interfacial properties and minimized environmental impact for industrial use. ***