Surfactants with Two Hydrophilic and Two Hydrophobic Groups;Chemical Structure/Interfacial Property Relationships, Molecular Interactions, and Synergism

9312715罗森化学品对环境的影响日益引起人们的关注。将表面活性剂等化学品的环境影响降至最低的一个方法是提高其效率和效力。对于给定的性能水平，所需的化学原料更少，必须处理的化学废水也更少。一种新型的表面活性剂，在分子中含有两个疏水基团的两个亲水基团(称为双子型)，最近被证明具有比可比的传统表面活性剂大一到两个数量级以上的表面活性，这取决于表面活性剂的结构。在最初的研究中，它还被证明与其他表面活性剂的相互作用比可比的传统表面活性剂更强。由于相互作用强度的增加增加了表面活性剂混合物中协同作用的可能性，这表明双子座在与其他表面活性剂混合时更有可能在界面性质上表现出协同作用。这项建议是为了系统地研究化学结构/基本界面性质的关系，包括混合单层和混合胶束中的相互作用，定义良好、纯化良好的双子座，将在我们研究所的大部分时间内合成。必要的数据可以从平衡和动态表面张力测量中获得，并辅之以胶束溶液的核磁共振研究和单分子膜的反射-吸收FTIR研究。除了增加我们对混合胶束和单层中的结构/界面性质关系和分子相互作用的知识外，这项研究的结果还应该为设计和使用具有最大所需界面性能和最小环境影响的工业用表面活性剂体系提供指导。***

9312715 Rosen The environmental impact of chemicals causes increasing concern.. One method of minimizing the environmental effects of chemicals such as surfactants that are used for their "performance" is to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. For a given level of performance, less chemical raw material is then required and less chemical effluent must be treated. A new type of surfactant that contains two hydrophilic groups of two hydrophobic groups in the molecule (called "gemini" type) has recently been shown to have surface activity form one to more than two orders of magnitude greater than comparable conventional surfactant, depending upon surfactant structure. It has also been shown, in initial studies, to interact more strongly with other surfactants than comparable conventional surfactants. Since increased interaction strength increases the probability of synergy in mixtures of surfactants, this indicated that geminis are more likely to exhibit synergism in interfacial properties when mixed with other surfactants. This proposal is for a systematic study of chemical structure/fundamental interfacial property relationships, including interactions in mixed monolayers and mixed micelles, of well-defined, well-purified geminis, to be synthesized for the most part in our institute. The necessary data can be obtained from equilibrium and dynamic surface tension measurements, supplemented by NMR studies on micellar solutions and reflectance-absorbance FTIR studies on monolayers. In addition to increasing our knowledge of structure/interfacial property relationships and of molecular interactions in mixed micelles and monolayers, the results of this study should provide guidelines for the design and use of surfactant systems with maximized desired interfacial properties and minimized environmental impact for industrial use. ***