Surfactants with Two Hydrophilic and Two Hydrophobic Groups;Chemical Structure/Interfacial Property Relationships, Molecular Interactions, and Synergism

[9312715]罗森化学品对环境的影响引起越来越多的关注。减少化学物质（如表面活性剂）对环境影响的一种方法是提高它们的效率和效果。对于给定的性能水平，则需要更少的化学原料和更少的化学废水必须处理。一种新型表面活性剂，在分子中含有两个亲水性基团或两个疏水性基团（称为“双子”型），其表面活性比类似的传统表面活性剂高出一到两个数量级，这取决于表面活性剂的结构。在最初的研究中也表明，它与其他表面活性剂的相互作用比可比的传统表面活性剂更强。由于相互作用强度的增加增加了表面活性剂混合物中协同作用的可能性，这表明当与其他表面活性剂混合时，双子座更有可能在界面性能上表现出协同作用。这一建议是为了系统地研究化学结构/基本的界面性质关系，包括在混合单层和混合胶束中的相互作用，定义良好，纯化良好的双子座，大部分将在我们研究所合成。必要的数据可以从平衡和动态表面张力测量中获得，辅以胶束溶液的核磁共振研究和单层的反射-吸光度FTIR研究。除了增加我们对混合胶束和单层中结构/界面性质关系以及分子相互作用的了解之外，本研究的结果应该为表面活性剂体系的设计和使用提供指导，以最大化所需的界面性质和最小化工业用途的环境影响。＊＊＊

9312715 Rosen The environmental impact of chemicals causes increasing concern.. One method of minimizing the environmental effects of chemicals such as surfactants that are used for their "performance" is to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. For a given level of performance, less chemical raw material is then required and less chemical effluent must be treated. A new type of surfactant that contains two hydrophilic groups of two hydrophobic groups in the molecule (called "gemini" type) has recently been shown to have surface activity form one to more than two orders of magnitude greater than comparable conventional surfactant, depending upon surfactant structure. It has also been shown, in initial studies, to interact more strongly with other surfactants than comparable conventional surfactants. Since increased interaction strength increases the probability of synergy in mixtures of surfactants, this indicated that geminis are more likely to exhibit synergism in interfacial properties when mixed with other surfactants. This proposal is for a systematic study of chemical structure/fundamental interfacial property relationships, including interactions in mixed monolayers and mixed micelles, of well-defined, well-purified geminis, to be synthesized for the most part in our institute. The necessary data can be obtained from equilibrium and dynamic surface tension measurements, supplemented by NMR studies on micellar solutions and reflectance-absorbance FTIR studies on monolayers. In addition to increasing our knowledge of structure/interfacial property relationships and of molecular interactions in mixed micelles and monolayers, the results of this study should provide guidelines for the design and use of surfactant systems with maximized desired interfacial properties and minimized environmental impact for industrial use. ***