Materials Synthesis and Processing in Carbon Dioxide

该奖项是在环境友好的化学合成和加工计划，是由化学和化学和运输系统工程司司共同资助。 环境保护局的污染预防和有毒物质办公室提供了额外的支持，工业合作者来自杜邦公司、3 M公司和联合利华研究所。 Joseph M.化学系的德西蒙， 位于查佩尔山的北卡罗来纳州大学将开发化学合成和加工技术，使用二氧化碳为基础的溶剂系统进行均相和非均相生产加工，德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校化学工程系的基思P.约翰斯顿将进行微乳液相行为和结构的研究。 二氧化碳是用于化学反应的环境无害的分散介质，并且已经显示出可用于聚合反应。 在二氧化碳溶剂中，本研究将研究：（1）均相条件下材料的合成;（2） 微乳液和乳液的相行为和结构;（3）利用分散体和乳液技术合成材料;和（4）集中于具有所需形态的产物分离的材料加工。 化学工业使用大量的有机溶剂和氯化溶剂，这些溶剂存在严重的处置或回收问题。 本项目将研究二氧化碳作为聚合物生产（包括重整和挤出步骤）的替代溶剂的效用。 将研究超临界流体的基本性质和在这种介质中的反应化学。 将对代表性的合成路线进行测试，以便将积极的结果扩展到许多系统。

This award is made in the Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis and Processing Program and is jointly funded by the Division of Chemistry and the Division of Chemical and Transport Systems Engineering. Additional support is provided by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the industrial collaborators are from DuPont, 3M, and Unilever Research. Joseph M. DeSimone of the Chemistry Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, will develop chemical synthesis and processing technologies using carbon dioxide-based solvent systems for both homogeneous and heterogeneous manufacturing processing, and Keith P. Johnston of the Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin will perform studies of phase behavior and structures of microemulsions. Carbon dioxide is an environmentally sound dispersing medium for chemical reactions, and has been shown to be useful for polymerization reactions. In carbon dioxide solvent, this research will study: (1) synthesis of materials under homogeneous conditions; (2) phase behavior and structure of microemulsions and emulsions; (3) synthesis of materials utilizing dispersions and emulsion techniques; and (4) processing of materials concentrating on product isolation with desired morphologies. Chemical industry uses large volumes of organic and chlorinated solvents which present serious disposal or recycling problems. The utility of carbon dioxide as a replacement solvent for the manufacture of polymers, including reforming and extrusion steps, will be examined in this project. Fundamental properties of supercritical fluids and reaction chemistry in this medium will be investigated. Representative synthetic routes will be tested, so that positive results could be extended to many systems.