Materials Synthesis and Processing in Carbon Dioxide

该奖项是在无害环境的化学合成和加工项目中获得的，由化学部门和化学与运输系统工程部门共同资助。环境保护署污染预防和有毒物质办公室提供了额外的支持，工业合作者来自杜邦、3M和联合利华研究公司。北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校化学系的Joseph M. DeSimone将开发化学合成和加工技术，使用二氧化碳为基础的溶剂系统进行均相和非均相制造加工，德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校化学工程专业的Keith P. Johnston将研究微乳液的相行为和结构。二氧化碳是一种环境无害的化学反应分散介质，并已被证明是有用的聚合反应。在二氧化碳溶剂下，本研究将研究：(1)均相条件下材料的合成；(2)微乳剂和乳剂的相行为和结构；(3)利用分散体和乳液技术合成材料；(4)材料的加工集中在产品的隔离与所需的形态。化学工业使用大量的有机和氯化溶剂，这些溶剂存在严重的处置或回收问题。二氧化碳作为聚合物生产的替代溶剂的效用，包括重整和挤出步骤，将在本项目中进行研究。超临界流体的基本性质和在这种介质中的反应化学将被研究。将测试具有代表性的合成路线，以便将积极的结果推广到许多系统。

This award is made in the Environmentally Benign Chemical Synthesis and Processing Program and is jointly funded by the Division of Chemistry and the Division of Chemical and Transport Systems Engineering. Additional support is provided by the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics of the Environmental Protection Agency, and the industrial collaborators are from DuPont, 3M, and Unilever Research. Joseph M. DeSimone of the Chemistry Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, will develop chemical synthesis and processing technologies using carbon dioxide-based solvent systems for both homogeneous and heterogeneous manufacturing processing, and Keith P. Johnston of the Chemical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin will perform studies of phase behavior and structures of microemulsions. Carbon dioxide is an environmentally sound dispersing medium for chemical reactions, and has been shown to be useful for polymerization reactions. In carbon dioxide solvent, this research will study: (1) synthesis of materials under homogeneous conditions; (2) phase behavior and structure of microemulsions and emulsions; (3) synthesis of materials utilizing dispersions and emulsion techniques; and (4) processing of materials concentrating on product isolation with desired morphologies. Chemical industry uses large volumes of organic and chlorinated solvents which present serious disposal or recycling problems. The utility of carbon dioxide as a replacement solvent for the manufacture of polymers, including reforming and extrusion steps, will be examined in this project. Fundamental properties of supercritical fluids and reaction chemistry in this medium will be investigated. Representative synthetic routes will be tested, so that positive results could be extended to many systems.