Mammalian Respiratory-Locomotor Integration

9318610 Bramble该项目将研究哺乳动物运动活动产生的力与呼吸系统力学之间的复杂相互作用。传统上，哺乳动物的运动和呼吸生理学被作为两种不同的现象来研究，但最近获得的证据支持这样的观点，即哺乳动物的胸部已经进化到以一种以前不被理解的方式在结构和功能上整合了这些活动。Bramble和Jenkins(Science，262：235-240)证明了小跑狗腹部内脏的惯性位移被动地驱动了横隔膜，而不依赖于主要用于调节内脏运动的横隔膜收缩。内脏移位和前肢对前胸壁的负荷是导致肺不同步通风和肺叶之间空气循环的因素之一。本项目旨在进一步探索这些复杂的相互作用，特别是通过记录(在几种表现出不同运动方式的哺乳动物物种中)不同步态和速度引起的内脏和横隔膜运动学的相互关系、初级呼吸肌的活动以及肺内的呼吸模式。由此得到的数据仍然大大有助于更好地理解哺乳动物呼吸系统的功能设计。***

9318610 Bramble The project will investigate the complex interactions between forces that result from locomotor activity and the mechanics of the respiratory system in mammals. Traditionally, mammalian locomotion and respiratory physiology have been studied as discretely different phenomena, but recently acquired evidence supports the view that the chest of mammals has evolved to integrate these activities, both structurally and functionally, in a manner that previously has not been understood. Bramble and Jenkins (Science, 262:235-240) demonstrated that inertial displacements of the abdominal viscera in trotting dogs passively drive the diaphragm independent of diaphragmatic contractions, which primarily serve to modulate visceral motion. Visceral displacements and the loading of the anterior chest walls by the forelimbs are among the factors producing asynchronous ventilation of the lungs and the recycling of air between their lobes. The present project is designed to further explore these complex interactions, specifically by documenting (in several mammalian species that exhibit different locomotor styles) the interrelationships of visceral and diaphragmatic kinematics induced by different gaits and speeds, the activity of the primary respiratory muscles, and the ventilation patterns within the lungs. The resultant data still substantially contribute to a better understanding of the functional design of the mammalian respiratory system. ***