Mammalian Respiratory-Locomotor Integration

该项目将研究由运动活动和哺乳动物呼吸系统机制产生的力之间复杂的相互作用。传统上，哺乳动物的运动和呼吸生理一直被视为不同的现象进行研究，但最近获得的证据支持这样一种观点，即哺乳动物的胸部已经进化到在结构和功能上整合这些活动，以一种以前未被理解的方式。Bramble和Jenkins （Science, 262:235-240）证明，小跑犬腹部脏器的惯性位移被动地驱动膈肌，而膈肌收缩主要用于调节内脏运动。内脏移位和前肢对前胸壁的负荷是造成肺不同步通气和肺叶间空气循环的因素之一。本项目旨在进一步探索这些复杂的相互作用，特别是通过记录（在几种表现出不同运动风格的哺乳动物物种中）由不同步态和速度、初级呼吸肌的活动和肺部通风模式引起的内脏和膈运动的相互关系。由此产生的数据仍然有助于更好地理解哺乳动物呼吸系统的功能设计。＊＊＊

9419077 Jenkins The project will investigate the complex interactions between forces that result from locomotor activity and the mechanics of the respiratory system in mammals. Traditionally, mammalian locomotion and respiratory physiology have been studied as discretely different phenomena, but recently acquired evidence supports the view that the chest of mammals has evolved to integrate these activities, both structurally and functionally, in a manner that previously has not been understood. Bramble and Jenkins (Science, 262:235-240) demonstrated that inertial displacements of the abdominal viscera in trotting dogs passively drive the diaphragm independent of diaphragmatic contractions, which primarily serve to modulate visceral motion. Visceral displacements and the loading of the anterior chest walls by the forelimbs are among the factors producing asynchronous ventilation of the lungs and the recycling of air between their lobes. The present project is designed to further explore these complex interactions, specifically by documenting (in several mammalian species that exhibit different locomotor styles) the interrelationships of visceral and diaphragmatic kinematics induced by different gaits and speeds, the activity of the primary respiratory muscles, and the ventilation patterns within the lungs. The resultant data still substantially contribute to a better understanding of the functional design of the mammalian respiratory system. ***