A Formal Model of Visual Feature Integration

视觉特征集成的形式化模型

• 批准号: 9319103
• 负责人: Richard Ivry
• 金额: $ 19.97万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-05-15 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9319103&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Formal; Model; Visual; Feature; Integration

9319103 IVRY Theories of object recognition in psychology, physiology, and even computer science have concerned themselves with feature analysis, where features may be line segments, colors, spatial frequencies, etc. According to these theories, recognizing an object involves detecting the features of that object. For example, the features round, shiny, and red might signal an apple. Recently, however, Treisman and her colleagues have pointed out that correct feature registration is not sufficient for veridical object recognition. When many different objects are present, as they are in most natural scenes, observers must not only correctly register the features, but also correctly bind the features into separate objects. Treisman and other have shown that under conditions of a brief exposure, observers will report "illusory conjunctions," or precepts in which they correctly identify the visual features, but combine them incorrectly. For example, an individual briefly presented a red X and a green O would perceive the X as green in some laboratory conditions on up to 30% of the trials. In most circumstances, our visual systems combine features of objects seemingly without error or effort, making the process of feature integration difficult to study. By studying errors in this feature binding process under laboratory conditions (i.e., illusory conjunctions), we can test different theories of feature integration. Unfortunately, the study of feature binding has been hampered for three reasons. First, most theories have been specified in a vague or informal manner. Second, theories have not been formulated in a format that allows a direct test between them. Finally, there has been considerable disagreement on how to measure illusory conjunctions. Many of the widely used methods of measuring feature binding from the occurrence of illusory conjunctions confound feature registration with feature binding. Preliminary research has led to the development of a mathematical model that add resses the above three issues, as well as to the development of a new theory of feature binding, based on probabilistic multidimensional modeling and on the psychophysics of location perception. The 15 experiments to be performed fall into four categories: (1) The formal theory will be tested by varying stimulus values (e.g., color of items) systematically and seeing how they affect parameters of the mathematical model, adjusting the model if necessary. (2) Cognitive variables such as attention will be varied and the effect of these variables on feature integration estimated separately. (3) Different theories of feature binding will be compared directly. (4) The analytic method and formal analysis will be extended to new experimental paradigms, in order to make it as useful as possible to other investigators. ***

9319103心理学，生理学甚至计算机科学中对象识别的ivry理论都与特征分析有关，其中特征可能是线段，颜色，空间频率等。根据这些理论，识别一个对象涉及检测该对象的特征。 例如，圆形，闪亮和红色的特征可能标志着苹果。 然而，最近，Treisman和她的同事指出，正确的特征注册不足以容纳对象识别。 当存在许多不同的对象时，就像在大多数自然场景中一样，观察者不仅必须正确注册功能，还必须正确地将功能绑定到单独的对象中。 Treisman和其他人表明，在短暂暴露的条件下，观察者将报告“虚幻的连词”或正确识别视觉特征的戒律，但将它们错误地结合在一起。 例如，在某些实验室条件下，一个人短暂地呈现了红色X和绿色O，将X视为绿色的试验。 在大多数情况下，我们的视觉系统似乎没有错误或精力将物体的特征组合在一起，从而使特征集成过程难以研究。 通过在实验室条件下（即虚幻的连词）中研究此特征结合过程中的误差，我们可以测试特征整合的不同理论。 不幸的是，由于三个原因，对特征结合的研究受到了阻碍。 首先，大多数理论都是以模糊或非正式的方式指定的。 其次，尚未以允许在它们之间进行直接检验的格式提出理论。 最后，关于如何衡量虚幻连词存在很大的分歧。 许多广泛使用的方法从虚幻连接的发生中测量特征结合的方法将特征注册与特征结合混淆。 初步研究导致了一个数学模型的发展，该模型添加了以上三个问题，以及基于概率的多维建模以及位置感知的心理物理学的发展，发展了新的特征结合理论。 要执行的15个实验分为四类：（1）正式理论将通过系统地进行变化的刺激值（例如，项目的颜色）进行测试，并查看它们如何影响数学模型的参数，并在必要时调整模型。 （2）诸如注意力之类的认知变量将变化，这些变量对特征积分的影响分别估计。 （3）将直接比较特征结合的不同理论。 （4）分析方法和形式分析将扩展到新的实验范式，以使其对其他研究者尽可能有用。 ***