Novel Solution Microstructures by "Physcial Synthesis"

小行星9319447 在第一个两年的研究期间，电子显微镜，光，X射线和中子散射，时间分辨荧光猝灭，和NM自扩散测量被用来发现和chartreuse一个动物园的合成和生物表面活性剂系统中的新的微观结构。 扩大表面活性剂溶液微观结构领域（从简单胶束和层状相的极限）的关键是通过混合表面活性剂来实现所需的一系列性能的新材料的“物理合成”。 这在我们在第一个研究阶段发现和研究的阴阳离子囊泡系统中得到了最清楚的证明。 阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基铵甲苯磺酸盐（CTAT）和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）在溶液中缔合形成准双尾表面活性剂，其形成双层而不是胶束。 的阴阳离子混合物的双层具有不同的性能比共价结合的两性离子双尾表面活性剂;阴阳离子混合物形成单层囊泡，而共价的两性离子表面活性剂形成多层相。据推测，新的微观结构是在混合物中产生的，因为分子间和interaggregate力改变的方式不可能在单组分表面活性剂溶液。 在此更新中，实验和理论的努力被用来设计新的微观结构的混合表面活性剂系统，通过了解如何改变分子间和聚集体间的力的表面活性剂混合物的成分。 ***

9319447 Kaler In the first two-year research period, electron microscopy, light, X-ray and neutron scattering, time resolved fluorescence quenching, and NM self-diffusion measurements were used to discover and chartreuse a menagerie of novel microstructures in synthetic and biological surfactant systems. The key to enlarging the realm of surfactant solution microstructure (from the limits of simple micelles and lamellar phases) has been the "physical synthesis" of new materials by mixing surfactants to achieve a desired set of properties. This has been most clearly the demonstrated in the catanionic vesicle systems we discovered and investigated during the first research period. The cationic surfactant cetyl trimethylammonium tosylate (CTAT) and the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) associate in solution to form a quasi-double-tailed surfactant that forms bilayers rather than micelles. The bilayers of the catanionic mixture have different properties than do covalently bound zwitterionic double-tailed surfactants; the catanionic mixture forms unilamellar vesicles while the covalent zwitterionic surfactants form multilamellar phases. It is hypothesized that new microstructures are produces in mixtures because the intermolecular and interaggregate forces are altered in ways impossible in single component surfactant solutions. In this renewal, experimental and theoretical efforts are used to design new microstructures of mixed surfactant systems by understanding how the components of the surfactant mixtures alter the intermolecular and inter-aggregate forces. ***