Alkyl Polyglucosides: Formulating for the Environment (TSE 99-D)

目的/假设：对自然环境的关注推动了对可生物降解或可再生资源合成的基于表面活性剂的配方的需求。含有烷基聚葡萄糖苷表面活性剂的混合物在这两方面都很成功。建议对含有烷基多糖苷表面活性剂的混合物进行基础研究，使其能够在大量重要的工业配方和应用中作为其他类型表面活性剂（特别是乙氧基化醇）的潜在替代品。目的1是研究水-烷基多糖苷混合物的相行为和相应的微观结构，包括探索盐、醇或其他表面活性剂等添加剂对相行为和微观结构的影响。目的2是检查含有非极性溶剂的混合物和随后形成的微乳。在水/油/烷基聚葡萄糖苷微乳液中添加盐、醇或其他表面活性剂可能会对相行为和微观结构产生有益的影响，并允许根据特定应用定制配方。研究了采用其他环境相容材料作为烷基多糖苷微乳的溶剂和添加剂的可行性。这些类型的材料的例子包括柠檬烯（从橙子加工中提取），菜籽油，其他天然衍生的油，以及使用烷二醇作为烷醇的替代品。目标3是通过添加天然聚合物（如明胶和树胶）来改变烷基聚葡萄糖苷基混合物的流变性能和微观结构，从而扩展烷基聚葡萄糖苷基混合物的用途。几类具有不同功能和增稠机制的工业上重要的牙龈将被检查。方法：实验方法包括用肉眼和显微镜观察混合物作为化学类型、浓度和温度的函数来确定表面活性剂的相行为。将利用荧光光谱、光和小角x射线和中子散射方法来确定和量化其微观结构。预期结果：这项工作将为烷基聚葡萄糖苷表面活性剂在各种应用中替代其他非离子配方提供科学依据，包括表面清洁剂、个人护理产品和工业润滑剂。这项工作还可能揭示这些新材料的特性，这些特性将优于传统配方，特别是在温度敏感性、流变性能和成本方面。工作的完成降低了环境风险，因为它直接导致配方的开发，这些配方通过改善生物降解性和使用可再生资源来减少对环境的影响。关键词：废物最小化，环境化学，表面活性剂

ABSTRACTCTS-9985580Eric W. Kaler, U of DelawareObjectives/Hypothesis: Concern for the natural environment drives a need for surfactant-based formulations that are biodegradable or that can be synthesized from renewable resources. Mixtures containing alkylpolyglucoside surfactants succeed on both counts. A fundamental study is proposed of mixtures containing alkyl polyglucosides surfactant to enable their use as potential replacements for other types of surfactants (in particular ethoxylated alcohols) in a large number of industrially important formulations and applications. Objective 1 is to study water-alkyl polyglucoside mixtures in terms of phase behavior and the corresponding microstructure, including exploration of the effects of additives such as salt, alcohol, or other surfactants on the phase behavior and microstructure. Objective 2 is to examine mixtures containing nonpolar solvents and the subsequent formation of microemulsions. Adding materials such as salt, alcohol, or other surfactants to water/oil/alkyl polyglucoside microemulsions may effect the phase behavior and microstructure beneficially and allow tailoring of formulations to specific applications. It is proposed to examine the feasibility of employing other environmentally compatible materials, as solvents and additives to alkylpolygucosides microemulsions. Examples of these types of materials include limonene (derived from orange processing), rape seed oil, other naturally-derived oils, and also the use of alkanediols as substitutes for alkanols. Objective 3 is to extend the utility of alkyl polyglucoside-based mixtures by modifying their rheological properties and microstructure through addition of naturally occurring polymers (e. g., gelatin and gums). Several classes of industrially important gums with different functionality and thickening mechanisms will be examined.Approach: The experimental approach involves determination of surfactant phase behavior using visual a microscopic observation of mixtures as a function of chemical type, concentration, and temperature. Microstructure will be determined and quantified using fluorescence spectroscopy and light and small angle x-ray and neutron scattering methods.Expected Results: The work will provide a scientific basis for the use of alkyl polyglucoside surfactants as replacements for other nonionic formulations in a variety of applications including surface cleaners, personal care products, and industrial lubricants. The work will also likely uncover features of these new materials that will be superior to conventional formulations, particularly in the areas of temperature sensitivity, rheological properties, and cost. Completion of work reduces environmental risk because it leads directly to the development of formulations, which have a reduced impact on the environment via improved biodegradability, and the use of renewable resources.Supplement Keywords: Waste minimization, environmental chemistry, and surfactants