Alkyl Polyglucosides: Formulating for the Environment (TSE 99-D)

目标/假设：对自然环境的关注推动了对可生物降解或可从可再生资源中合成的表面活性剂配方的需求。含有烷基多糖苷表面活性剂的混合物在这两个方面都成功了。建议对含有烷基多糖苷表面活性剂的混合物进行基础研究，以使其能够在大量工业重要配方和应用中用作其他类型的表面活性剂(特别是乙氧基醇)的潜在替代品。目的1研究水-烷基葡萄糖苷混合物的相行为和相应的微观结构，包括探索添加剂如盐、酒精或其他表面活性剂对相行为和微观结构的影响。目标2是检查含有非极性溶剂的混合物以及随后形成的微乳液。在水/油/烷基葡萄糖苷微乳液中添加盐、酒精或其他表面活性剂等材料，可以有益地影响微乳液的相行为和微观结构，并允许根据特定应用定制配方。建议研究使用其他环境友好材料作为烷基多糖苷微乳液的溶剂和添加剂的可行性。这类材料的例子包括柠檬烯(从橙子加工中提取)、菜籽油、其他天然提取的油，以及使用烷基二醇作为烷醇的替代品。目标3是通过添加天然聚合物(如明胶和树胶)来改变烷基多糖苷混合物的流变性和微观结构，从而扩大其用途。将考察几类具有不同功能和增稠机理的工业重要口香糖。方法：实验方法包括使用目测来确定表面活性剂的相行为，并对混合物作为化学类型、浓度和温度的函数进行微观观察。微观结构将使用荧光光谱、光和小角X射线和中子散射法进行测定和量化。预期结果：本工作将为烷基多糖苷表面活性剂在各种应用中替代其他非离子制剂提供科学依据，包括表面清洁剂、个人护理产品和工业润滑剂。这项工作还可能揭示这些新材料的特点，这些特点将优于传统配方，特别是在温度敏感性、流变性和成本方面。这项工作的完成降低了环境风险，因为它直接导致配方的开发，通过改善生物降解性和使用可再生资源来减少对环境的影响。补充关键词：废物最小化、环境化学和表面活性剂

ABSTRACTCTS-9985580Eric W. Kaler, U of DelawareObjectives/Hypothesis: Concern for the natural environment drives a need for surfactant-based formulations that are biodegradable or that can be synthesized from renewable resources. Mixtures containing alkylpolyglucoside surfactants succeed on both counts. A fundamental study is proposed of mixtures containing alkyl polyglucosides surfactant to enable their use as potential replacements for other types of surfactants (in particular ethoxylated alcohols) in a large number of industrially important formulations and applications. Objective 1 is to study water-alkyl polyglucoside mixtures in terms of phase behavior and the corresponding microstructure, including exploration of the effects of additives such as salt, alcohol, or other surfactants on the phase behavior and microstructure. Objective 2 is to examine mixtures containing nonpolar solvents and the subsequent formation of microemulsions. Adding materials such as salt, alcohol, or other surfactants to water/oil/alkyl polyglucoside microemulsions may effect the phase behavior and microstructure beneficially and allow tailoring of formulations to specific applications. It is proposed to examine the feasibility of employing other environmentally compatible materials, as solvents and additives to alkylpolygucosides microemulsions. Examples of these types of materials include limonene (derived from orange processing), rape seed oil, other naturally-derived oils, and also the use of alkanediols as substitutes for alkanols. Objective 3 is to extend the utility of alkyl polyglucoside-based mixtures by modifying their rheological properties and microstructure through addition of naturally occurring polymers (e. g., gelatin and gums). Several classes of industrially important gums with different functionality and thickening mechanisms will be examined.Approach: The experimental approach involves determination of surfactant phase behavior using visual a microscopic observation of mixtures as a function of chemical type, concentration, and temperature. Microstructure will be determined and quantified using fluorescence spectroscopy and light and small angle x-ray and neutron scattering methods.Expected Results: The work will provide a scientific basis for the use of alkyl polyglucoside surfactants as replacements for other nonionic formulations in a variety of applications including surface cleaners, personal care products, and industrial lubricants. The work will also likely uncover features of these new materials that will be superior to conventional formulations, particularly in the areas of temperature sensitivity, rheological properties, and cost. Completion of work reduces environmental risk because it leads directly to the development of formulations, which have a reduced impact on the environment via improved biodegradability, and the use of renewable resources.Supplement Keywords: Waste minimization, environmental chemistry, and surfactants