Marine Biotechnology Fellowship: Characterization of the Role of Bacterial Symbionts in the Protection of Loligo Opalescens Embryos

海洋生物技术奖学金：细菌共生体在保护 Loligo Opalescens 胚胎中的作用的表征

• 批准号: 9321532
• 负责人: David Epel
• 金额: $ 9万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-05-01 至 1996-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9321532&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Marine; Biotechnology; Fellowship; Characterization; Role

9321532 EPEL Current understanding of the defense mechanisms utilized by early embryos to evade environmental threats is rudimentary in comparison to our knowledge of multicellular defense systems, such as the immune system, employed by adult life stages. Strong ecological selectiv pressures for biological devices to resist pathogens and predators must exist in embryos to assure survival of these critical primary stages in oceanic life cycles. The egg capsule of the Pacificc squid, Loligo opalescens, provides a model system to study such embryo protection processes. These squid deposit their eggs in large communal aggregates in shallow coastal waters such as in Monterey Bay. During their month-long gestation period these embryos endure little or no animal, fungal, or microbial predations. Initial studies revealed the presence of several distinct bacterial symbionts specifically associated with the egg capsule sheath. These bacteria apparently are secreted from the accessory nidamental gland connected to the squid ovary, which also contains symbioticbacteria. This research project aims to identify these microbes and assess their contribution to the protection of the squid embryos in the wild. By integrating prokaryotic genetics and molecular biology with more classical approaches to ocean ecology, this research will address questions concerning both marine embryo defense mechanisms and potential therapeutic agents for use in aquaculture and medicine. Additionally, the molecular devices responsible for the mutualistic relationship between marine bacteria and the eukaryotic host that will be studied may represent a global phenomenon with implications for a wide spectrum of disciplines including immunology, cell biology, and infectious disease. ***

小行星9321532 目前对早期胚胎用于逃避环境威胁的防御机制的理解与我们对成年生命阶段所采用的多细胞防御系统（如免疫系统）的知识相比是基本的。胚胎中必须存在生物装置抵抗病原体和捕食者的强大生态选择压力，以确保海洋生命周期中这些关键初级阶段的生存。卵囊的太平洋鱿鱼，Loligo opalescens，提供了一个模型系统来研究这种胚胎保护过程。这些鱿鱼存款他们的蛋在大型公共聚集在沿海浅水沃茨，如在蒙特雷湾。在长达一个月的妊娠期内，这些胚胎几乎或根本不经受动物、真菌或微生物的捕食。最初的研究表明，存在几种不同的细菌共生体，特别是与卵囊鞘。这些细菌显然是从与鱿鱼卵巢相连的附性腺分泌出来的，卵巢中也含有共生菌。该研究项目旨在识别这些微生物，并评估它们对保护野生鱿鱼胚胎的贡献。通过将原核遗传学和分子生物学与更经典的海洋生态学方法相结合，这项研究将解决有关海洋胚胎防御机制和用于水产养殖和医学的潜在治疗剂的问题。 此外，负责海洋细菌和真核宿主之间的互惠关系的分子装置，将被研究可能代表一个全球性的现象，涉及广泛的学科，包括免疫学，细胞生物学和传染病。 ***