Subsistence Change in Northeastern Zaire

扎伊尔东北部的生计变化

• 批准号: 9402034
• 负责人: Gilda Morelli
• 金额: $ 16.15万
• 依托单位: Boston College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-07-01 至 2001-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9402034&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Subsistence; Change; Northeastern; Zaire

9402034 Morelli This research involves two ethnographers studying why some foragers in the Ituri forest of northeastern Zaire adopt farming as a subsistence strategy, while others maintain relations with local farmers in order to obtain the carbohydrate portion of their diets. The researchers will study economic decisions and environmental constraints of a community of foragers every summer (the annual "hunger season") for five years, measuring field sizes and food availability as well as work input and labor availability. The hypothesis is that adoption of farming rather than trading for farm foods will occur when shortfalls of cultivated trade foods are frequent, severe, predictable and regional in extent. This research is important because understanding economic behavior in the widest range of societies is necessary to distinguish what is fundamental to human decision making under scarcity and uncertainty from what is constrained by capitalist market relations. This sort of study of production and exchange in primitive forest conditions will provide data that will help social scientists advance our understanding of human economic decision making.

[402034 . Morelli]这项研究涉及两位民族志学家，他们研究为什么扎伊尔东北部伊图里森林中的一些采集者采用农业作为生存策略，而另一些人则与当地农民保持关系，以获得他们饮食中的碳水化合物部分。研究人员将在五年的时间里，每年夏天（每年的“饥饿季节”）研究一个觅食者社区的经济决策和环境约束，测量田地的大小和食物的可用性，以及工作投入和劳动力的可用性。假设是，当种植贸易食品短缺频繁、严重、可预测且在程度上具有区域性时，就会采用农业而不是农业食品贸易。这项研究很重要，因为了解最广泛的社会中的经济行为对于区分在稀缺性和不确定性下人类决策的基本要素与受资本主义市场关系约束的要素是必要的。这种对原始森林条件下的生产和交换的研究将提供数据，帮助社会科学家提高我们对人类经济决策的理解。