Combinatorial Interactions among Eukaryotic Transcription Factors

真核转录因子之间的组合相互作用

• 批准号: 9404721
• 负责人: Henry Baker
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9404721&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Combinatorial; Interactions; among; Eukaryotic; Transcription

Abstract 9404721 Promoters in higher eukaryotes tend to have complex structures. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements of glycolytic enzyme genes closely resemble enhancers and proximal promoter elements of higher eukaryotes in that they are composed of multiple binding sites for several different transcription factors. Each protein binding site by itself displays little UAS activity, but together they form powerful UAS elements. The transcription factors believed to assemble at the UAS elements of glycolytic genes include Abflp, Reb1p, Rap1p, Gcr1p, Gcr2p, and Ga111p. The individual roles of the proteins and how they interact to form the strongest promoters in yeast are not known. The goal of this study is to provide information as to the precise roles played by several of these transcription factors. Specifically: i) The hypothesis that binding of Abflp and Reb1p functions to clear nucleosomes from adjacent binding sites, thereby allowing other proteins access to their binding sites is tested. ii) The importance of spatial relationships between Rap1p- and Gcr1p- binding sites in the UAS elements of glycolytic genes is investigated. iii) Yeast strains with mutations in gcr2 and gal11 are utilized to assess the roles of the co-factors Gcr2p and Gal11p in displacing nucleosomes from the TATA-box. iv) Environmental factors which may influence the ability of transcription factors to bind at glycolytic gene promoters are investigated. These experiments will provide important new information as to how the individual activator proteins interact in a combinatorial fashion at eukaryotic promoters to mediate high-level expression. *** One of the major control points of gene expression is the regulation of transcription. An enzyme known as RNA polymerase is responsible for converting the genetic information from DNA to RNA. Promoters are regions in the DNA which are required to bring RNA polymerase to genes so they can be t ranscribed. They are made of sequences known as the TATA-box, proximal promoters, and enhancers or upstream activating sequences (UAS). Proximal promoters and enhancers or UAS elements are sites in the DNA to which proteins bind. Proteins that bind at these sequences activate transcription by influencing events that occur at the TATA-box. The focus of this study is to elucidate the precise roles played by the proteins that assemble at the UAS elements of glycolytic enzyme genes in the yeast, Saccharomyces cervisiae. In yeast, genes encoding glycolytic enzymes are the most highly expressed. A number of abundant, multifunctional proteins are required for full expression of yeast glycolytic genes. While combinatorial interactions between these proteins at the UAS elements of glycolytic genes has been well documented, the mechanism(s) governing their interactions have yet to be established. The aims of this study are: i) To test a sequential binding hypothesis. ii) To determine the importance of the spatial relationships. iii) To investigate the role of cofactors which are believed to influence events at the TATA-box. iv) To investigate environmental factors which may influence the ability of transcription factors to bind at glycolytic gene UAS elements, thus regulating expression. %%%

高等真核生物中的启动子往往具有复杂的结构。 在酿酒酵母中，糖酵解酶基因的上游激活序列（UAS）元件与高等真核生物的增强子和近端启动子元件非常相似，因为它们由几种不同转录因子的多个结合位点组成。每个蛋白质结合位点本身显示很少的UAS活性，但它们一起形成强大的UAS元件。 据信在糖酵解基因的UAS元件处组装的转录因子包括Abflp、Reb 1 p、Rap 1 p、Gcr 1 p、Gcr 2 p和Ga 111 p。 蛋白质的个体作用以及它们如何相互作用以形成酵母中最强的启动子尚不清楚。 本研究的目的是提供信息，这些转录因子中的几个所发挥的确切作用。 具体而言：i）测试Abflp和Reb 1 p的结合起到从相邻结合位点清除核小体的作用，从而允许其他蛋白质接近它们的结合位点的假设。 ii）研究了糖酵解基因的UAS元件中Rap 1 p-和Gcr 1 p-结合位点之间的空间关系的重要性。 iii）使用具有gcr 2和gal 11突变的酵母菌株来评估辅因子Gcr 2 p和Gal 11 p在从TATA盒置换核小体中的作用。 iv）研究了可能影响转录因子结合糖酵解基因启动子的能力的环境因素。 这些实验将提供重要的新的信息，如何个别激活蛋白相互作用的组合方式在真核启动子介导的高水平表达。 * 基因表达的主要控制点之一是转录调控。 一种称为RNA聚合酶的酶负责将遗传信息从DNA转化为RNA。 启动子是DNA中将RNA聚合酶带到基因上所需的区域，因此它们可以被转录。 它们由称为TATA盒的序列、近端启动子和增强子或上游激活序列（UAS）组成。 近端启动子和增强子或UAS元件是DNA中蛋白质结合的位点。 与这些序列结合的蛋白质通过影响TATA盒上发生的事件来激活转录。 本研究的重点是阐明在酵母，酿酒酵母糖酵解酶基因的UAS元件组装的蛋白质所发挥的确切作用。 在酵母中，编码糖酵解酶的基因表达最高。 酵母糖酵解基因的表达需要大量的多功能蛋白质。 虽然这些蛋白质在糖酵解基因的UAS元件处的组合相互作用已被很好地记录，但控制它们相互作用的机制尚未建立。 本研究的目的是：i）检验序列结合假设。 2.确定空间关系的重要性。 iii）调查被认为影响TATA框事件的辅因子的作用。 iv）研究可能影响转录因子结合糖酵解基因UAS元件从而调节表达的能力的环境因素。 %%%