Towards a Model of the Biogeochemistry of Continental-Scale River Basins: An Amazon Case Study

建立大陆尺度河流流域的生物地球化学模型：亚马逊案例研究

• 批准号: 9408676
• 负责人: Jeffrey Richey
• 金额: $ 105万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-11-15 至 1998-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9408676&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Towards; Model; Biogeochemistry; Continental; Scale

Richey Research is proposed her to consider the dynamics ogf large-scale drainage basins, using the Amazon Rivet system as a test case. The central question to be addressed in this proposal is, How does a large river system obtain and subsequently modify its biogeochemical composition? The question and hypothesis will be divided into parts: (1) How is the biogeochemical stay of the river system influenced by the land surfaces? (2) How are the land effects modified during transit through the river system? The summaty working hypothesis is that, "The quantity and composition of dissolved and particulate bioactive materials in a parcel of water at any downstreasm node in the river system is predictable as the product of a common set of processes which occur differentially according to upstream conditions of relative typography, soil organic content and texture, water and residence time, and floodplain extent." To test this hypothesis the research objectives are to: (1) Implement and carry out a field sampling program that will efficiently provide samples from throughout the basin, including from the mainstem, from transects along major tributaries, and into headwater regions of Peru and Bolivia. Ultrafiltration techniques will be used to process water across a spectrum of particle and molecular sizes. (2) Develop a quantitative model based on routing water and particulate and dissolved substances through the rivernetwork. This effort will couple the hydrology and chemistry models we have previously developed with our new information. (3) Conduct experiments to determine terrestial effects on organic matter composition. Using a modeling approach, upper bounds of fine organic material thwt exist in the fine particle fraction will be determined as will the chemical selectivity. Simulated absorption experiments will be the third test for active partioning within the drainage basin. (4) Controls on particulate export will be investigated using measurments and modeling of sediment mobil ization and routing. Isotopic tracers will be used to determine the location of material origin. (5)

里奇研究建议她考虑大规模流域的动力学，使用亚马逊铆钉系统作为测试案例。 本提案中要解决的中心问题是，大型河流系统如何获得并随后改变其生物地球化学组成？ 问题和假设将分为几个部分：（1）河流系统的地球化学滞留是如何受到陆面的影响的？ (2)在通过河流系统的运输过程中，对土地的影响是如何改变的？ 概括的工作假设是，“在河流系统的任何下游节点的水包裹溶解和颗粒生物活性材料的数量和组成是可预测的，作为一组共同的过程的产物，这些过程根据上游条件的相对排版，土壤有机含量和质地，水和停留时间以及河漫滩范围而发生差异。“为了检验这一假设，研究目标是：（1）实施和执行一项实地取样方案，有效地提供整个流域的样本，包括从主干、从沿着主要支流的断面以及进入秘鲁和玻利维亚的源头地区的样本。 超滤技术将用于处理各种颗粒和分子大小的水。 (2)根据河流网络中的水、颗粒物和溶解物质的流向，建立一个定量模型。 这项工作将耦合水文和化学模型，我们以前已经开发了我们的新信息。 (3)进行实验以确定陆地对有机质组成的影响。 使用建模方法，将确定存在于细颗粒部分中的细有机材料的上限以及化学选择性。 模拟吸收实验将是流域内主动分配的第三次测试。 (4)将使用沉积物移动和路由的测量和建模来研究对颗粒输出的控制。 同位素示踪剂将用于确定材料来源的位置。 （五）