Understanding Attachment in Family Context

库克9412164 摘要 人际关系理论的一个基本问题是（a）一个人给关系带来的特征（演员效应），（B）一个人的伴侣的特征（伴侣效应），或（c）一个人对特定伴侣的独特认知，行为或情感调整（关系效应）的相对重要性。 本研究在成人依恋理论的背景下探讨了这一问题。 本研究采用循环设计，对200个双亲两孩家庭的依恋类型进行了问卷调查。 这些数据将使用社会关系模型进行分析，该模型提供了有关演员，合作伙伴和独特的人际关系在解释人际数据方面的贡献的信息。 这项分析将评估广泛存在但未经证实的假设，即成人依恋风格反映了“演员效应”。 纵向组成部分的研究使用的方差（演员，合作伙伴和关系的影响）的来源的信息，有助于人际控制的看法作为一个框架的模型预测的变化，在家庭关系中的安全附件。 阐述成人依恋理论，这个模型认为，两种类型的控制信念（即，效应和命运）介导两种类型的伴侣反应性之间的关系（即，积极和消极的互惠），以确定家庭成员的依恋安全在一年内的变化。 尽管控制感被认为是安全感的基础，但它在成人依恋发展中的作用以前没有被研究过。 一九九四年六月十五日 根据Bowlby（1973）的说法，将家庭关系维系在一起的“胶水”是一个人在与其他家庭成员和浪漫伴侣的关系中找到的安全程度。 这种安全感的变化导致了“依恋风格”。“具有”不安全“依恋风格的人期望别人的拒绝或不一致的反应，并认为自己对生活的控制力较低，不值得情感支持。 具有安全型依恋风格的人更有可能保持他们的亲密关系，在痛苦的时候向他人寻求安慰。 本研究将探讨依恋风格的决定因素在一个时间点，以及随着时间的推移，风格的变化的决定因素。研究的第一部分将评估在某个时间点对另一个家庭成员的安全依恋是否是由于（a）这个人给关系带来的特征，（B）其他家庭成员的特征，或（c）这个人对该特定家庭成员的独特认知，行为或情感调整。 第二部分将检验一个假设，即家庭成员的反应会影响人们对人际关系控制程度的信念，这反过来又会影响他们的依恋风格的安全性。通过阐明有助于安全依恋的因素，本研究将促进干预措施的发展，可以优化人们的人际功能。 ***

Cook 9412164 ABSTRACT A fundamental issue for theories of interpersonal relationships is the relative importance of (a)characteristics a person brings to the relationship (actor effects), (b)characteristics the person's partner elicits (partner effects), or (c) the unique cognitive, behavioral, or emotional adjustment of the person to the particular partner (relationship effects). This issue is addressed in the present research in the context of adult attachment theory. Self-report attachment style data will be collected on each of the relationships in 200 two-parent two-child families according to a round-robin design. These data will be analyzed using the Social Relations Model, which provides information on the contributions of actors, partners, and unique interpersonal relationships in explaining interpersonal data. This analysis will evaluate the widespread, but unproven, assumption that adult attachment styles reflect 'actor effects'. A longitudinal component of the study uses information about the sources of variance (actor, partner, and relationship effects) contributing to perceptions of interpersonal control as a framework for a model predicting change in security of attachment in family relationships. Elaborating adult attachment theory, this model holds that two types of control beliefs (i.e., effectance and fate) mediate the relationship between two types of partner responsiveness (i.e., positive and negative reciprocity) in determining change in family members' security of attachment over a one-year period. The role of perceived control in the development of adult attachments has not been previously studied, even though it is believed to be fundamental to a sense of security. June 15, 1994 According to Bowlby (1973), the 'glue' that holds family relationships together is the degree of security a person finds in their relationships with other family members and romantic partners. Variations in this s ecurity give rise to "attachment styles." People with 'insecure' attachment styles expect rejection or inconsistent responses from others and view themselves as having less control over their lives and as being less worthy of emotional support than do people with 'secure' attachment styles. People with secure attachment styles are more likely to maintain their close relationships, reaching out to others for comfort in times of distress. This research will investigate the determinants of attachment style at one point in time as well as the determinants of change in style over time. Part 1 of the research will assess whether a secure attachment to another family member at one point in time is due to (a) the characteristics that the person brings to the relationship, (b) the characteristics of the other family member, or (c) the unique cognitive, behavioral, or emotional adjustment of the person to that particular family member. Part 2 will test the hypothesis that a family member's responsiveness influences people's beliefs concerning their degree of control over interpersonal relationships which in turn affects the security of their attachment style. By elucidating the factors that contribute to a secure attachment, this research will foster the development of interventions that can optimize people's interpersonal functioning. ***