Stratospheric Infrared Measurements

平流层红外测量

• 批准号: 9415388
• 负责人: Frank Murcray
• 金额: $ 44.99万
• 依托单位: University of Denver
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 1999-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9415388&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Stratospheric; Infrared; Measurements

9415388 Murcray Infrared remote sensing instruments have provided a wealth of information about the atmosphere. Because nitrogen and oxygen are almost completely transparent in the infrared, radiative transfer is dominated by minor and trace gases. Many of these gases are chemically active, and infrared techniques provide methods of measuring their concentrations. Changes in the chemical balance in the atmosphere also affect the Earth's radiative budget. Since most of the planet's cooling takes place in the mid infrared, accurate measurements are needed both to detect changes, and to verify model calculations. This project will continue infrared measurements of the stratosphere and upper troposphere using balloon and ground-based instruments. The very high resolution solar absorption spectrometer will make one flight per year from the US. This instrument has been flown several times previously to obtain solar absorption spectra. The spectra taken as the balloon ascends show the change in atmospheric transmission with altitude. Once the balloon is at float altitude (approx. 40 km), changing geometry as the sun sets provides very long optical absorption paths entirely at high altitudes. These data allow chemical concentrations of several species to be measured simultaneously as a function of altitude, provide tests for models which calculate atmospheric radiative transfer, and verify the molecular parameters database necessary for the models. Data from a very high resolution ground based solar spectrometer (operated by the DOE) will be used to recover information on chemical concentrations in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. DOE is accumulating a long term data set for the study of clouds and radiation, which will contain a long record of stratospheric and upper tropospheric chemical compounds.

9415388台默克雷红外遥感仪器提供了丰富的大气信息。由于氮和氧在红外线中几乎完全透明，辐射传递主要由微量和微量气体主导。其中许多气体具有化学活性，红外线技术提供了测量其浓度的方法。大气中化学平衡的变化也会影响地球的辐射收支。由于这颗行星的大部分冷却发生在中红外波段，因此需要精确的测量来检测变化，并验证模型计算。该项目将继续使用气球和地面仪器对平流层和对流层上层进行红外测量。这台分辨率极高的太阳吸收光谱仪每年将从美国起飞一次。这台仪器之前已经飞行过几次，以获得太阳吸收光谱。气球上升时拍摄的光谱显示了大气传输随高度的变化。一旦气球处于漂浮高度(约40公里)，随着太阳落山改变几何形状，提供了非常长的光吸收路径完全在高海拔。这些数据允许同时测量作为海拔函数的几个物种的化学浓度，为计算大气辐射传输的模型提供测试，并验证模型所需的分子参数数据库。来自(由能源部操作的)极高分辨率地面太阳光谱仪的数据将用于恢复关于平流层和对流层上层化学物质浓度的信息。能源部正在为研究云和辐射积累长期数据集，其中将包含平流层和对流层上层化合物的长期记录。