Various Properties of Natural and Triggered Lightning Discharges

[9415507]拟建研究的目的是改进现有的关于闪电放电的物理过程的知识，重点放在云中的闪电起始和闪电附着到地面的最不为人所知的过程上。该项目包括自然和人工发起（火箭触发）闪电的实验和理论研究。1994年下半年将主要用于分析1993年在佛罗里达州和阿拉巴马州获得的目前掌握的独特触发闪电数据（电流、多站电场和磁场以及光学记录）。在1995年和1996年期间，研究将主要集中于建立两个比较大的数据库：(1)对佛罗里达州布兰丁营和阿拉巴马州麦克莱伦堡火箭触发闪电的电场和磁场的极近测量（结合合作研究小组同时获得的电流和光学记录）；(2)使用最先进的数字化系统获得的云对地和云中自然闪电的电场和磁场记录。1997年将主要用于分析新获得的数据和有关的理论研究，重点是云内和闪电附着地面期间发生的最不了解的过程。本文将尝试建立一种考虑闪电附着过程的对地闪电放电新理论。

9415507 Uman The objective of the proposed research is an improvement in the presently existing knowledge of the physical processes comprising the lightning discharge with emphasis on the least well understood processes of lightning initiation in the cloud and lightning attachment to ground. The project includes both experimental and theoretical studies of natural and artificially initiated (rocket- triggered) lightning flashes. The latter part of 1994 will be primarily devoted to the analysis of the presently in-hand unique triggered-lightning data (currents, multiple-station electric and magnetic fields, and optical records) acquired in 1993 in Florida and Alabama. During 1995 and 1996 the research will be primarily concentrated on building two relatively large data bases: (1) extremely close measurements of electric and magnetic fields (in conjunction with simultaneous current and optical records obtained by cooperating research groups) of the rocket-triggered lightning at Camp Blanding, Florida and Fort McClellan, Alabama and (2) electric and magnetic field records of both cloud-to-ground and in- cloud natural lightning acquired with a state-of-the-art digitizing system. The year 1997 will be devoted primarily to the analysis of the newly acquired data and associated theoretical studies concentrating on the least understood processes that occur inside the cloud and during the lightning attachment to ground. The development of a new theory of the lightning discharge to ground taking into account the lightning attachment processes a will be attempted.