Processes Affecting Material Transport to the Oceans from Arctic-Subarctic Watershed, from Direct Groundwater Discharge and through Lagoonal Systems

9415789 WINDOM影响物质从北极-亚北极流域、地下水直接排放和通过泻湖系统向海洋输送的过程在理解与跨越陆地-海洋边界的物质输送有关的地球化学过程方面存在许多空白。这些差距包括缺乏以下方面的数据：1）不同地貌气候区的小流域及其相对于较大流域将物质输送到海洋的能力/效率，2）通过泻湖河口系统的物质输送，其混合速率缓慢，混合区大，3）地下水中物质输入沿海沃茨。建议开展研究，通过对三类研究不足的系统进行调查，以解决这些差距，目标如下：A）更好地了解北极-亚北极风化的产物、淡水-海水混合区中这些物质（主要微量元素）的归宿以及该地貌气候区较小河流流入海洋的通量的相对贡献。这些研究将在俄罗斯东北部的阿纳迪尔河流-河口系统进行。B）确定控制泻湖河口微量元素通量的主要生物地球化学相互作用，利用低盐度区域混合过程中物质的缓慢混合速率/长停留时间，以获得更好的溶质-主变量关系分辨率。巴西南部的帕托斯泻湖将为这些调查人员提供实地考察地点。C）确定与Floridan含水层有关的地下风化产物的成分和浓度，并调查影响微量元素进入海洋环境后的去向的地球化学过程。直接排入西佛罗里达大陆架沿海沃茨的淡水泉和邻近的沿海沃茨将为这些研究提供场地。

9415789 WINDOM Processes affecting material transport to the oceans from Arctic- Subarctic Watersheds, from direct groundwater discharge and through Lagoon Systems A number of gaps exist in the understanding of biogeochemical processes associated with the transport of material across the land-sea boundary. Among these gaps are lack of data on: 1) small watersheds of different morphoclimatic zones and their ability/efficiency, relative to larger watersheds, to transport materials to the oceans, 2) transport of material through lagoonal estuarine systems, the mixing rates of which are slow and the mixing zones large, and 3) inputs of material to coastal waters in groundwater. Research is proposed to address these gaps through investigations on three types of under-studied systems with the following objectives: A) To obtain a better understanding of products resulting from arctic-subarctic weathering, the fate of these materials (primary trace elements) in the freshwater-seawater mixing zone and relative contribution of fluxes to the ocean from smaller rivers of this morphoclimatic zone. These studies will be carried out in the Anadyr river-estuary system in Northeastern Russia. B) To identify the major biogeochemical interactions that control trace element fluxes through a lagoonal estuary, taking advantage of the slow mixing rate/long residence times of materials in such systems to obtain better resolution of solute-master variable relationships during mixing in the low salinity region. The Patos Lagoons, in Southern Brazil will provide the field site for these investigators. C) To determine the composition and concentrations of subterranean weathering products associated with the Floridan Aquifer and to investigate biogeochemical processes that influence the fate of trace elements upon entering the marine environment. Freshwater springs, which discharge directly into coastal waters of the West Florida shelf, and the adjacent coastal waters will pr ovide the site for these studies.