Cognitive and neural mechanisms affecting performance under pressure

影响压力下表现的认知和神经机制

• 批准号: 2881646
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2881646
• 关键词: Cognitive; neural; mechanisms; affecting; performance

Performers often experience a negative impact of a high-pressure environment on their performance quality, such as missing a penalty in a competitive football game or playing the wrong notes in a public music performance. Recently, sports scientists have suggested that the quality and accuracy of movements can depend on what the performer attends to while executing an action. Evidence suggests an external focus of attention directed at the effects of movement on the environment leads to better (more accurate and efficient) performance under pressure than an internal focus where attention is directed at the performer's own body movements (e.g., Wulf, 2013, Zachry et al., 2005). Similar effects can be found for music performance, recently confirmed by a lab study on skilled piano performance (Jentzsch & Braun, 2022). This PhD project is designed to systematically investigate the mechanisms underlying these empirical findings, with the aim of developing effective intervention methods to combat performance anxiety and choking under pressure.

表演者经常经历高压环境对其表演质量的负面影响，例如在竞争激烈的足球比赛中错过点球或在公共音乐表演中演奏错误的音符。最近，运动科学家提出，运动的质量和准确性可能取决于表演者在执行动作时的注意力。有证据表明，在压力下，关注运动对环境的影响的外部焦点比关注表演者自己的身体运动的内部焦点（例如，Wulf，2013，Zachry等人，2005年）。音乐表演也有类似的效果，最近一项关于熟练钢琴表演的实验室研究证实了这一点（Jentzsch & Braun，2022）。这个博士项目旨在系统地研究这些实证研究结果背后的机制，旨在开发有效的干预方法来对抗表现焦虑和压力下的窒息。