Genetic Correlates of European Ethnohistory

小行星9419349 关于印欧语系的起源，目前有两种相互竞争的假设。 科林·伦弗鲁爵士对马里贾·辛布塔斯（Marija Cimbutas）提出的既定观点提出了挑战，即欧洲的印欧化在公元前4400年至公元前2800年之间从黑海以北的庞蒂克草原分三次进行。 伦弗鲁认为印欧人在安纳托利亚出现的时间要早得多（约100年）。公元前7000年） 作为早期的农学家进入欧洲，随着新石器时代的传播，他们的足迹遍布欧洲。 这两种假设对后来欧洲群体之间的人口关系应该有非常不同的影响。 罗伯特索卡尔建立了一个关于欧洲民族史的独特数据库，记录了从公元前2200年到现在大多数已知民族单位的位置和运动。 在早期的一个试点项目中，他已经建立了数据库的效用，以进一步预测欧洲大陆的遗传变异模式。 现在，他可以着手检验两个至关重要的（也是相互矛盾的）假设，即印欧语系的起源和在欧洲的传播。 ***

9419349 Robert Sokal There are currently two contending hypotheses for the origin of the Indo-European speakers. Sir Colin Renfrew has challenged the established view, propounded by Marija Cimbutas, that the Indo-Europeanization of Europe proceeded in three waves between 4400 and 2800 B.C. from the Pontic Steppes, north of the Black Sea. Renfrew has the Indo- Europeans arising in Anatolia much earlier (ca. 7000 B.C.) and entering Europe as early agriculturalists, distributing themselves through Europe with the spread of the Neolithic. Both of these hypotheses should have very different consequences for the subsequent population relationships among European groups. Robert Sokal has constructed a unique database on European ethnohistory, recording the location and movements of most known ethnic units from 2200 B.C. to the present. In an earlier pilot project, his has established the utility of the database in making further predictions of patterns of genetic variation over the European continent. He can now proceed to testing the two overarching (and conflicting) hypotheses of Indo-European origins and dispersal in Europe. ***