Chemical Ecology of Plant-Pest Interactions: A Community Approach

植物与害虫相互作用的化学生态学：社区方法

• 批准号: 9420013
• 负责人: Jack Schultz
• 金额: $ 21.01万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-02-15 至 1999-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9420013&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chemical; Ecology; Plant; Pest; Interactions

9420013 Schultz Because they lack mobility, plants have had to develop dynamic responses to changing environmental conditions and stresses such as insects and disease. Most studies have examined responses to individual enemy species in isolation. However, plants are attacked by communities of insects and diseases. Many studies reveal considerable overlap in the key biochemical mechanisms of plant responses to various enemies. We hypothesize that overlapping plant responses frequently yield overlapping effects on multiple enemies, determining which pests will actually infest a plant at any point in space or time. We will test this hypothesis by examining the responses of several cucumber varieties to insect pests and diseases. We focus on cucumbers because they have well-studied resistance mechanisms, insect pests, and pathogens. First, we will characterize overlap in biochemical responses of individual plants to infection by a virus, bacterium, and fungus, and infestation with one of four cucumber-feeding insects. We will then "challenge" these responding plants with each of the other pests and determine which biochemical mechanisms provide "cross resistance" to more than one. Finally, the ecological importance of "crossed" or generalized resistance factors will be assessed by exposing young field-grown plants to the same infection/infestation treatments as above, but then allowing natural development of the pest community throughout the growing season, assessing both pest community accumulation and plant yield. This research will put interactions among plants, insects, and plant diseases into a realistic community context. The broad goal is developing a predictive plant-pest science that will provide improved plant breeding, genetic engineering, and cultivation practices for improved pest resistance and reduced crop losses, as well as understanding the development of plant-pest interactions.

9420013舒尔茨由于缺乏移动性，植物不得不对不断变化的环境条件和压力(如昆虫和疾病)做出动态反应。大多数研究都孤立地考察了对单个敌人物种的反应。然而，植物受到昆虫和疾病群落的攻击。许多研究表明，植物对不同天敌反应的关键生化机制有相当大的重叠。我们假设，重叠的植物反应经常会对多个敌人产生重叠的影响，决定哪些害虫实际上会在空间或时间的任何时间点侵扰植物。我们将通过检测几个黄瓜品种对病虫害的反应来检验这一假设。我们把重点放在黄瓜上，因为它们的抗性机制、害虫和病原体都已经研究得很好了。首先，我们将描述单个植物对病毒、细菌和真菌感染以及四种以黄瓜为食的昆虫之一的感染的生化反应的重叠。然后，我们将用其他每一种害虫“挑战”这些有反应的植物，并确定哪些生化机制对一种以上的害虫提供“交叉抗性”。最后，将评估“交叉”或广义抗性因素的生态重要性，方法是将田间种植的幼树置于与上述相同的感染/侵染处理中，但随后允许害虫群落在整个生长季节自然发展，评估害虫群落的积累和植物产量。这项研究将把植物、昆虫和植物疾病之间的相互作用置于现实的社区背景中。其总体目标是发展一种预测的植物病虫害科学，它将提供改进的植物育种、基因工程和栽培实践，以提高对病虫害的抗性和减少作物损失，并了解植物与病虫害相互作用的发展。