Dissertation Research: Zooarchaeological Analysis of Subsistence and Social Organization at the Middle to Late Woodland Transition

论文研究：中晚期林地转型生存和社会组织的动物考古学分析

• 批准号: 9420734
• 负责人: Mary Whelan
• 金额: $ 1.06万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-12-15 至 1997-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9420734&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Zooarchaeological; Analysis; Subsistence

Whelan Under the direction of Dr. Mary Whelan, Ms. Margot Neverett will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will continue her analysis of abundant faunal material collected during the excavation of the Gast Farm site which is located on an alluvial fan at the edge of the Mississippi River in southeastern Iowa. Four seasons of fieldwork have been conducted at the site and these reveal two distinct periods of occupation both dating to the Woodland period. The shift from the earlier Havana to later Weaver phases took place approximately 2,000 years ago. Spatially discrete remains of both Havana and Weaver villages have been discovered. The sites have yielded abundant faunal as well as other cultural remains and in her NSF supported research Ms. Neverett will focus on the former. She will travel to La Crosse Wisconsin and Springfield Illinois to examine comparative collections which will permit detailed identification of the Gast Village faunal remains. With the data collected she will then reconstruct subsistence patterns and determine how food was obtained and distributed in each time period. The Gast Village Site forms part of the Midwestern Hopewell complex. Hopewell has fascinated archaeologists in part because the large mounds which Hopewell people constructed and the exotic trade objects they obtained provide evidence for one of the earliest complex highly-organized societies in North America. Of equal interest is the decline of the Hopewell peoples because over a relatively short period of time social organization reverted to a less complex level. No new earthworks were constructed and exotic trade items became rare. Archaeologists have speculated on why this happened and have invoked a number of causes such as environmental change. Ms. Neverett will approach this question through an examination of social relations within villages on each side of the transition and faunal remains provide a convenient approach. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide data of interest to many archaeologists. It will increase our understanding of how complex societies arise and decline, and assist in the training of a promising young scientist.

Whelan 在 Mary Whelan 博士的指导下，Margot Neverett 女士将为她的博士论文收集数据。她将继续分析在加斯特农场遗址挖掘过程中收集到的丰富动物材料，该遗址位于爱荷华州东南部密西西比河边缘的冲积扇上。 对该地点进行了四个季节的实地考察，揭示了两个不同的占领时期，均可追溯到林地时期。从早期的哈瓦那阶段到晚期的韦弗阶段的转变发生在大约 2,000 年前。哈瓦那和韦弗村的空间离散遗迹已被发现。这些遗址产生了丰富的动物和其他文化遗迹，在美国国家科学基金会支持的研究中，内弗雷特女士将重点关注前者。她将前往威斯康星州拉克罗斯和伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德检查比较藏品，以便对加斯特村动物遗骸进行详细鉴定。根据收集到的数据，她将重建生存模式，并确定每个时间段内食物的获取和分配方式。 加斯特村遗址是中西部霍普韦尔综合体的一部分。霍普韦尔让考古学家着迷，部分原因是霍普韦尔人建造的大土堆和他们获得的异国贸易物品为北美最早的复杂、高度组织的社会之一提供了证据。同样令人感兴趣的是霍普韦尔人的衰落，因为在相对较短的时间内，社会组织恢复到了不太复杂的水平。没有修建新​​的土方工程，外来贸易物品也变得稀少。考古学家推测了为什么会发生这种情况，并援引了环境变化等多种原因。内维雷特女士将通过考察转型两侧村庄内的社会关系来解决这个问题，而动物遗骸提供了一种便捷的方法。 这项研究很重要，原因有几个。它将提供许多考古学家感兴趣的数据。它将增进我们对复杂社会如何产生和衰落的理解，并有助于培养有前途的年轻科学家。