Relationship Among Demographic, Social and Genetic Structure

非技术性摘要 人口结构、社会结构和遗传结构之间的关系 Altmann最近的研究结果提供了对任何野生非人类灵长类动物群体最完整的遗传分析，并确定了狒狒群体的父系和遗传结构，这一点因其对观察到的行为的反映而引人注目。 与社会结构、行为和遗传结构相关的分析现在可以扩展到评估这些长寿动物随时间和空间的变化幅度，这些动物和人类一样，成熟缓慢，表现出相当大的行为和群体组成范围。 行为的变异程度及其对遗传结构的影响对于其对进化和生物多样性的影响很重要。 因此，本研究的第二个主要目标是确定产生社会和遗传结构之间关系的特定行为和其他机制。 这些包括调查的条件和机制，配偶选择和联盟修改的权力，男性的优势地位，以确定父权和那些近亲被承认和避免作为配偶时，无处不在的机制移民从出生的群体是不足以避免近亲繁殖。 这些行为和其他机制是基本进化过程的重要组成部分。 在人口密度低或人口分散等关键条件下，它们也可能是生存的重要决定因素，在这种情况下，了解机制及其运作不仅可以提供人口反应的有力预测因素，而且可以提供形成成果的有力管理工具。

Nontechnical summary Relationship Among Demographic, Social, and Genetic Structure Recent results from Altmann's studies provided the most complete genetic analysis of any wild nonhuman primate group and identified paternity and genetic structure in a baboon group that is striking for its reflection of observed behavior. The analyses relating social structure, behavior, and genetic structure can now be extended to enable evaluation of the magnitude of variability over time and space for these long-lived animals that, like humans, mature slowly and exhibit a considerable range of behavior and group composition. The extent of variability in behavior and in its effects on genetic structure is important for its implications for evolution and biodiversity. A second major goal of the present study, therefore, will be to identify particular behavioral and other mechanisms that produce the relationships between social and genetic structure. These include investigations of the conditions and mechanisms whereby mate choice and alliances modify the power of male dominance status to determine paternity and those whereby close relatives are recognized and avoided as mates when the ubiquitous mechanism of emigration from the group of birth is not sufficient for avoiding inbreeding. These kinds of behavioral and other mechanisms are essential components of basic evolutionary processes. They may also be significant determinants of survival under critical conditions such as low population density or population fragmentation, in which case an understanding of mechanisms and their functioning can provide not only a potent predictor of population response but also a powerful management tool for shaping outcomes.