Relationship Among Demographic, Social and Genetic Structure

人口、社会和遗传结构之间的非技术概述最近Altmann的研究结果提供了对任何野生非人类灵长类动物群体最完整的基因分析，并确定了狒狒群体中的父子关系和遗传结构，这一点令人震惊，因为它反映了观察到的行为。与社会结构、行为和遗传结构相关的分析现在可以扩展到评估这些长寿动物在时间和空间上的变异性大小，这些动物像人类一样，发育缓慢，表现出相当大范围的行为和群体组成。行为的可变性程度及其对遗传结构的影响对于其对进化和生物多样性的影响是重要的。因此，本研究的第二个主要目标将是确定产生社会结构和遗传结构之间关系的特定行为和其他机制。这些措施包括调查配偶选择和联盟如何改变男性支配地位的权力以确定父子关系，以及当普遍存在的从出生群体向外移民的机制不足以避免近亲繁殖时，近亲被承认和避免为配偶的条件和机制。这些类型的行为和其他机制是基本进化过程的重要组成部分。它们也可能是在低人口密度或人口碎片化等关键条件下生存的重要决定因素，在这种情况下，对机制及其功能的了解不仅可以提供人口反应的有力预测，而且还可以为塑造结果提供强大的管理工具。

Nontechnical summary Relationship Among Demographic, Social, and Genetic Structure Recent results from Altmann's studies provided the most complete genetic analysis of any wild nonhuman primate group and identified paternity and genetic structure in a baboon group that is striking for its reflection of observed behavior. The analyses relating social structure, behavior, and genetic structure can now be extended to enable evaluation of the magnitude of variability over time and space for these long-lived animals that, like humans, mature slowly and exhibit a considerable range of behavior and group composition. The extent of variability in behavior and in its effects on genetic structure is important for its implications for evolution and biodiversity. A second major goal of the present study, therefore, will be to identify particular behavioral and other mechanisms that produce the relationships between social and genetic structure. These include investigations of the conditions and mechanisms whereby mate choice and alliances modify the power of male dominance status to determine paternity and those whereby close relatives are recognized and avoided as mates when the ubiquitous mechanism of emigration from the group of birth is not sufficient for avoiding inbreeding. These kinds of behavioral and other mechanisms are essential components of basic evolutionary processes. They may also be significant determinants of survival under critical conditions such as low population density or population fragmentation, in which case an understanding of mechanisms and their functioning can provide not only a potent predictor of population response but also a powerful management tool for shaping outcomes.