Dense Water Transport Off Arctic Continental Shelves: Numerical Studies of Shelf-Basin Interaction

加州大学伯克利分校博士论文奖将支持一个项目，该项目旨在确定不同植物生长形式在阿拉斯加北坡北极苔原生态系统水平上控制水和能量平衡的机制。这项研究很重要，因为它将解释植物生长形态特性如何扩大到生态系统水平的水和能量通量。这项研究将与一项更大的全球气候变化研究一起进行，该研究正在检查来自冻土带的温室气体的区域通量。该项目提供了一个独特的机会，在区域温室气体输出/吸收的背景下，确定气候敏感的北极苔原植物生长习惯对能量平衡的作用。该研究为生态系统对气候引起的温室气体变化的响应提供了新的信息。伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的研究人员将进行一项研究，以增加计算机模型模拟高密度高盐度水形成的复杂性，这些水离开北极大陆架，流向北冰洋深处。这些流能够将营养物质和沉积物从大陆架带到更深的海洋，并可能在大气和深海之间的热量传递中起主要作用。跨大陆架流形成过程中的波动可能影响大西洋产生的来自北冰洋温暖深水的热量的传递。来自深海暖流的热量控制着气候敏感的北冰洋海冰的形成。改进后的计算机模型将首次考虑沿海洋流、地形复杂性和大陆斜坡的水团分层的影响，从而使模型开始接近真实世界的条件。改进后的模型对于理解北极海洋-大气-冰系统如何影响全球气候以及如何被全球气候影响是必要的。* * * ? ?

9508333 Chapin A Doctoral Dissertation Award to the University of California Berkeley will support a project to determine the mechanisms by which different plant growth forms integrate to control water and energy balance at the ecosystem level in Arctic tundra on the Alaskan North Slope. This study is important because it will provide an explanation of how plant growth form properties can be scaled up to ecosystem level water and energy fluxes. The study will take place in conjunction with a larger Global Climate Change study that is examining the regional flux of greenhouse gases from the tundra. This project provides a unique opportunity to determine the role of plant growth habit on energy balances in the climatically sensitive Arctic tundra within the context of the regional output/uptake of greenhouse gases. The study amy provide new information on ecosystem response to climatically-induced changes of greenhouse gases. *** 9422292 Gawarkiewicz Investigators at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will undertake research to increase the complexity of computer model simulations of the formation of dense high-salinity water that leaves the Arctic continental shelf and flows to the deep Arctic Ocean. The flows are capable of carring nutrients and sediments from the continental shelf to the deeper ocean and may play a major role in the transfer of heat between the atmosphere and deep ocean. Fluctations in the formation of the cross-shelf flow could affect the transfer of heat from warm deep water in the Arctic Ocean that is produced in the Atlantic Ocean. Heat from that warm deep flow controls the formation of sea ice in the climatically sensitive Arctic Ocean. The improved computer models will for the first time take into account the effects of coastal currents, topographic complexities, and water-mass stratification of the continental slopes so that the models may begin to approach real world conditions. The improved models are necessary to understand how the Arctic ocean-atmosphere-ice system operates to affect, and be affected by, global climates. *** ??