New Intercalation Materials

9422667 Whittingham该研究者之前的研究已经证实，新的氧化物插入体可以很容易地利用水热技术合成，并且改变反应介质中存在的酸度或阳离子显著地决定了形成的晶体结构。通过适当选择反应介质，可以形成类似于铝硅酸盐沸石中发现的含有大隧道或通道的新结构，这将为材料化学提供独特的性能。这种方法的可行性已经在钨氧化物和钼氧化物中得到了验证。本项目将重点研究钒、锰氧化物和一种新型磷酸钛。由于预期这种材料中的扩散增强，因此将确定扩散/离子迁移率。宿主材料还将以其被各种客体离子和分子插入的能力为特征，并且它们的化学和物理性质将使用x射线，电化学和电气测量以及标准分析技术来确定。沸石微孔材料的骨架主要含有氧化还原活性元素铝和硅。从化学的角度来看，包含或由氧化还原活性物质（如过渡金属）构建的框架是非常理想的。此外，对于许多电化学应用来说，氧化物比硫化物更容易处理，成本更低，而且对于能量储存来说，它们具有更大的电化学潜力。本项目的目标是合成具有开放结构的过渡金属氧化物材料，这种材料可能具有铝硅酸盐沸石材料的一些性质和应用，具有新的应用和潜在的电化学活性。

9422667 Whittingham Previous research by this investigator has established that new oxide intercalation hosts can be readily synthesized using hydrothermal techniques, and that changing the acidity or the cations present in the reaction medium dramatically determines the crystalline structure formed. By appropriate choice of reaction medium it is proposed to form new structures containing large tunnels or channels, similar to those found in aluminosilicate zeolites, that will offer unique properties for the materials chemistry. The feasibility of this approach has been demonstrated for tungsten and molybdenum oxides. Major emphasis in this project will be placed on vanadium and manganese oxides, and on a new titanium phosphate. Because enhanced diffusion in such materials are expected, the diffusion/ionic mobility will be determined. The host materials also will be characterized for their ability to be intercalated by a variety of guest ions and molecules, and their chemical and physical properties will be determined using x-ray, electrochemical, and electrical measurements and the standard analytical techniques. %%% Zeolitic microporous materials have frameworks containing mostly the redox inactive elements aluminum and silicon. From a chemical point of view it would be highly desirable to have a framework containing, or built from, redox active species such as transition metals. In addition, for many electrochemical applications it would be preferable to work with oxides rather than sulfides because of their greater ease of handling, lower cost and for energy storage their greater electrochemical potential. The goal of this project is to synthesize transition metal oxide materials with open structures, that might have some of the properties and applications of the aluminosilicate zeolitic materials, have novel applications and be potentially electrochemically active.