Social Processes in Exchange Networks

交换网络中的社会过程

• 批准号: 9422974
• 负责人: Barry Markovsky
• 金额: $ 9.31万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-03-01 至 1997-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9422974&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Social; Processes; Exchange; Networks

This is a study of social processes in exchange networks. It extends a program of theory-based investigations on power and social exchange into other fundamental sociological and social psychological processes: status, distributive justice, and legitimacy. The foundation for this research, Network Exchange Theory has been tested chiefly within a specialized type of experimental exchange setting in which agents linked in networks negotiate over pools of resources under various conditions that govern transactions. This new research will broaden the scope of Network Exchange Theory by developing and testing exchange settings more akin to those found in society. To this end, the researchers will adapt their experimental paradigm to permit valued resources to enter the exchange system at different network locations, and to move through the network as exchanges transpire. Agents in the network thus engage in true exchanges of one type of resource for another, rather than the simpler single-resource pool-divisions of previous experiments. After calibrating the new setting and running tests with different network structures, the researchers will integrate the social processes. Status, distributive justice, and legitimacy are all predicted to have specific, independent effects on resource distribution in exchange networks. These occur through their influence on negotiation tactics and evaluations of exchange outcomes, and are modeled by the theory. %%% This set of experiments is fundamental scientific research on social capital, the capacity to gain resources that an individual may have on the basis of position in a social network and of socially-ascribed status. Thus it is a contribution to the fundamental knowledge base concerning human capital, testing and developing formal models of how factors beyond individual skill and motivation may affect the incomes and careers of individuals.

这是对交换网络中的社会过程的研究。它将以理论为基础的关于权力和社会交换的调查扩展到其他基本的社会学和社会心理过程：地位、分配正义和合法性。作为这项研究的基础，网络交换理论主要在一种专门的实验交换环境中进行了测试，在这种环境中，链接在网络中的代理在管理交易的各种条件下协商资源池。这项新的研究将通过开发和测试与社会中发现的更相似的交换环境来扩大网络交换理论的范围。为此，研究人员将调整他们的实验范式，允许有价值的资源在不同的网络位置进入交换系统，并在交换发生时在网络中移动。因此，网络中的代理从事一种类型的资源与另一种类型的资源的真正交换，而不是之前实验中更简单的单一资源池划分。在校准了新的设置并使用不同的网络结构进行测试后，研究人员将整合社交过程。地位、分配正义和合法性都预计会对交换网络中的资源分配产生特定的、独立的影响。它们通过影响谈判策略和对交换结果的评估而发生，并由该理论模拟。%这组实验是关于社会资本的基础科学研究，社会资本是一个人根据在社会网络中的地位和社会归属地位获得资源的能力。因此，它对有关人力资本的基础知识做出了贡献，测试和开发了关于个人技能和动机以外的因素如何影响个人收入和职业的正式模型。