Fairness and the Provision of Public Goods

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。这个项目调查了公共物品环境中的公平观念。在这些社会环境中，参与者选择是否为某件对每个人都有利的事情做出贡献，但无论他们是否做出贡献，所有人都能得到同样的好处。理性选择理论通常以激励结构为基础，在这种情况下建立合作出现的条件模型。本研究采用了公平感知理论。多层次司法理论？预测公平考虑如何引导关键的判断和选择。个人认为公平判断在公共产品环境中是至关重要的，因为集体利益能否维持取决于个人选择的总和。PI将进行三个实验来检验从多层次司法理论中得出的假设。研究1测试了贡献的显著特征对群体的影响，具体来说，是贡献被设定为绝对数量还是比例？年代的资源。假设公平判断和随后的决定在很大程度上取决于贡献的框架。研究2将亚群体而不是个体作为决策单位，但在其他方面重复了第一项研究。S设计和假设。研究3着眼于两种群体取向因素对个人正义观念的影响：社会认同（感觉自己是更大群体的一部分）和社会价值取向（关于在自我和他人之间分配资源的偏好）。在前人的研究基础上，假设群体认同对社会价值取向起着次要作用，这将是一种互动效应。更广泛的影响：在社会学、心理学、经济学和政治学领域，使用公共物品设置的研究正在增加，因为它与许多现实世界的现象有关，例如，启动社会运动和维持公共教育系统。这项研究结合了社会困境和正义，并有可能为税收、环境政策、执法和国际关系等问题的政策提供信息。调查结果还将有助于更好地了解公众对政府新项目的反应。

SES-0925165Barry MarkovskyUniversity of South Carolina This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 Public Law 111-5).This project investigates fairness perceptions in public goods settings. These are social contexts in which participants choose whether or not to contribute to something that benefits everyone, but all benefit equally regardless of whether they contribute. Rational choice theories typically model the conditions for the emergence of cooperation in such contexts based on the structure of incentives. This research employs a theory of fairness perceptions?multilevel justice theory?to predict how fairness considerations guide critical judgments and choices. Individuals believe fairness judgments are critical in public goods settings because whether or not the collective benefit can be maintained depends on the aggregation of the individual choices. The PI will conduct three experiments to test hypotheses derived from multilevel justice theory. Study 1 tests the effects of salient features of contributions to the group, specifically, whether contributions are framed as absolute amounts or as proportions of one?s resources. Fairness judgments and subsequent decisions are hypothesized to vary considerably based on the framing of contributions. Study 2 treats subgroups, rather than individuals, as the decision-making units but otherwise replicates the first study?s design and hypotheses. Study 3 looks at the effects of two kinds of group orientation factors on individual justice conceptions: social identification (feeling part of the larger group) and social value orientation (preferences regarding the distribution of resources between self and others). Based on previous research, it is hypothesized that will be an interaction effect whereby group identification plays a secondary role to social value orientation. Broader Impacts: Research employing public goods settings is increasing in the fields of sociology, psychology, economics and political science because of its relevance to many real-world phenomena, e.g., priming social movements and maintaining public education systems. This research combines social dilemmas and justice and has the potential to inform policy on issues such as taxation, environmental policy, law enforcement, and international relations. Findings will also contribute to a better understanding of public reactions to the new government programs.