Disertation Research: Nitrogen-Plant-Insect Interactions: Integrating Via a Net Effects Approach

论文研究：氮-植物-昆虫相互作用：通过净效应方法进行整合

• 批准号: 9423316
• 负责人: James Coleman
• 金额: $ 0.6万
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-04-01 至 1996-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9423316&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Disertation; Research; Nitrogen; Plant; Insect

9423316 Coleman Nitrogen fertilization is well known to both increase plant productivity and insect herbivore damage. Certain levels and rates of fertilization may negatively affect plant productivity by increasing the amount of damage by insects. This research will examine the net impact of two insect herbivores on two plant species grown under various fertilization regimes. It is designed specifically to understand the consequences of fertilization and insect herbivory in combination on plant productivity. Two economically and ecologically important tree species (oak and cottonwood) with contrasting life history traits and two economically detrimental insect herbivore species are the subjects. Fertilization experiments will be carried out in both a planted field plot and, for control and comparison purposes, in a greenhouse. Samples of each tree species will be exposed to differing fertilization schedules in the presence and absence of insect herbivores, and effects on plant growth, tissue chemistry, and herbivore performance will be measured. The results of this study should improve understanding of the impact on plant productivity of fertilization levels and rates of addition, in the presence and absence of insect herbivores. They will reveal when tradeoffs occur between positive effects of fertilization on plant growth and negative effects of fertilization through stimulation of insect feeding on plants. The long term result may include the formulation of fertilization practices that optimize net productivity of plants, yet reduce fertilizer and pesticide requirements.

9423316 Coleman 众所周知，施氮肥既可以提高植物生产力，又可以减少食草动物的伤害。某些施肥水平和施肥率可能会增加昆虫造成的损害，从而对植物生产力产生负面影响。 这项研究将研究两种食草昆虫对在不同施肥制度下生长的两种植物的净影响。 它专门设计用于了解施肥和昆虫食草相结合对植物生产力的影响。 两种具有截然不同的生活史特征的经济和生态重要树种（橡树和三叶杨）和两种经济上有害的食草昆虫物种是研究对象。 施肥实验将在已种植的田间进行，并且出于控制和比较的目的，将在温室中进行。 在存在和不存在食草动物的情况下，每个树种的样本将接受不同的施肥计划，并测量对植物生长、组织化学和食草动物性能的影响。 这项研究的结果应该可以提高人们对在有或没有食草动物存在的情况下施肥水平和添加率对植物生产力的影响的理解。他们将揭示施肥对植物生长的积极影响和施肥通过刺激昆虫取食植物产生的负面影响之间何时发生权衡。 长期结果可能包括制定施肥实践，以优化植物的净生产力，同时减少肥料和农药的需求。