Solar Ultraviolet Human Hazard Monitoring System

太阳能紫外线人体危害监测系统

• 批准号: 9460925
• 负责人: Charles Booth
• 金额: $ 6.5万
• 依托单位: Biospherical Instruments Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-02-01 至 1995-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9460925&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Solar; Ultraviolet; Human; Hazard; Monitoring

The monitoring of long term trends and geographical variability of UV irradiance and how it may impact the environment has become increasingly important since the discovery of the `ozone hole` over vast regions of the Southern Hemisphere. In addition to potential environmental impacts, UV radiation has been shown to be hazardous to human health in several regards. However, critical evidence of the temporal and geographic extent of elevated UV radiation levels is in its infancy. Thus, there is an immediate need to deploy networks of suitable instruments. In this context, some small-scale deployments have been undertaken by a few groups. Yet there appears to be no significant level of agreement within the community that suitable, cost-effective instrumentation exists. In this Small Business Innovation Research Phase I, Biospherical Instruments, Inc., proposes to develop and demonstrate an instrument system, including measurement methodology, designed to monitor both ambient (downwelling) UV irradiance in the traditional sense, as well as measuring irradiance that may be damaging for visual systems (eyes). Critical aspects of this proposal include: 1) development of novel viewing geometries specifically appropriate to ocular studies; 2) development of data processing methods to process these data with the goal of issuing on-site advisories; and 3) the development of specific calibration techniques designed to be able to assess the quality of the resulting data.

自从在南半球广大地区发现“臭氧空洞”以来，监测紫外线辐照度的长期趋势和地理变异性及其可能对环境产生的影响已变得日益重要。除了潜在的环境影响外，紫外线辐射已被证明在几个方面对人类健康有害。然而，关于紫外线辐射水平升高的时间和地理范围的关键证据尚处于初期阶段。因此，迫切需要部署适当的仪器网络。在这方面，几个团体进行了一些小规模部署。然而，社区内部似乎没有很大程度的一致意见，认为存在合适的、具有成本效益的工具。在这个小企业创新研究第一阶段，生物圈仪器公司，建议开发和演示一种仪器系统，包括测量方法，旨在监测传统意义上的环境（下沉）紫外线辐照度，以及测量可能损害视觉系统（眼睛）的辐照度。该提案的关键方面包括：1）开发专门适用于眼部研究的新型观察几何结构; 2）开发数据处理方法，以处理这些数据，目的是发布现场数据;以及3）开发旨在能够评估所得数据质量的特定校准技术。