The Selective Removal of Selenium from Contaminated Waters

从污染水中选择性去除硒

• 批准号: 9461350
• 负责人: Kevin Gleason
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: TDA Research, Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-02-01 至 1996-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9461350&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Selective; Removal; Selenium; Contaminated; Waters

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project addresses the problem of selenium contaminated waters. Selenium is presently the primary water treatment challenge for many West Coast petroleum refineries and irrigated farm lands. Selenium can be found in refinery process streams at levels up to 5 mg/L with flowrates reaching 1000 gallons per minute. Similarly, in the Westlands Water District alone, there is a current need for the disposal of 2 million gallons per day of agricultural drainage water with selenium concentrations reaching 0.5 mg/L. Because of its known toxicity and suspected carcinogenicity, the discharge limits as set by the Clean Water Act are very low (0.260 mg/L maximum, 0.035 mg/L continuous for selenium). The California discharge standards allow effluents to contain no more than 0.05 mg/L selenium. Processes developed for selenium removal from drinking water (anion exchange and activated alumina) are too expensive for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. In particular, these processes are appropriate for small volumes of water with low levels of dissolved and suspended solids. These processes are only feasible when competing anions such as sulfates or carbonates are absent. Therefore, TDA Research proposes to develop a new specialty extractant to remove selenium from contaminated water streams. In Phase I we will synthesize novel metal-chelating ligands capable of selectively extracting heavy metal anions, like selenium, in the presence of common but non-hazardous anions such as sulfate, carbonate, and chloride. We will then conduct experiments to demonstrate their ability to selectively extract selenium over competing anions like sulfates.

这个小企业创新研究第一阶段项目解决了硒污染的水问题。目前，硒是许多西海岸炼油厂和灌溉农田面临的主要水处理挑战。在炼油厂流程中可以发现硒的含量高达5毫克/L，流量达到每分钟1000加仑。同样，仅在韦斯特兰水区，目前每天就需要处理200万加仑的农业废水，硒浓度达到0.5毫克/升。由于已知的毒性和疑似致癌作用，《清洁水法》规定的排放限值很低(最高为0.260毫克/L，持续为0.035毫克/L)。加州的排放标准允许污水中的硒含量不超过0.05毫克/L。为去除饮用水中的硒而开发的工艺(阴离子交换和活性氧化铝)对于工业废水的处理来说过于昂贵。特别是，这些工艺适用于溶解和悬浮固体含量较低的小体积水。只有在没有硫酸盐或碳酸盐等竞争阴离子的情况下，这些工艺才是可行的。因此，TDA Research建议开发一种新的专用萃取剂来去除受污染的溪流中的硒。在第一阶段，我们将合成新型金属螯合配体，能够在常见但无害的阴离子如硫酸盐、碳酸盐和氯化物存在的情况下选择性地提取重金属阴离子，如硒。然后，我们将进行实验，以证明它们比硫酸盐等竞争阴离子有选择地提取硒的能力。