Cooperative Research: Local Tsunami Effects and Their Mitigation Measures

合作研究：当地海啸影响及其缓解措施

• 批准号: 9503604
• 负责人: Peter Raad
• 金额: $ 23.95万
• 依托单位: Southern Methodist University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-15 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9503604&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cooperative; Research; Local; Tsunami; Effects

Earthquakes which occur on ocean floors set in motion the entire water column above the region of tectonic plate motion, generating a tsunami (seismic sea wave). Such waves, when approaching shore, can reach a height of more than 10 meters and can cause extensive flooding, property damage, and the loss of human lives. This action is to support a comprehensive research program to understand local tsunami effects on man-made and natural structures. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding tsunami-structure interactions that can lead to effective damage mitigation measures. The program includes computational, experimental, and mitigation components conducted by research teams at Southern Methodist University, the University of Washington, and Urban Regional Research, respectively. The new robust method for the numerical simulation of waves and their interaction with structures developed at Southern Methodist University is used to simulate transient tsunami flows over and around coastal structures. The highly sensitive capacitance-type wave gage, and the optical water-surface profiler developed at the University of Washington is used to conduct tsunami experiments in a specialized three- dimensional wave basin. The direct field experience of Urban Regional Research in the assessment of tsunami damage and the identification of vulnerability patterns guides the computational and experimental research. The collaborative effort enables the development of tsunami mitigation measures. The set of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations are sufficiently simple that the basic physics of tsunami actions on structures can be explored. At the same time, the experimental set-up and choice of problems is realistic, so that the results provide the means for the design and modification of shoreline structures. Throughout the research, full advantage is taken of the multi-disciplinary nature of the research team. The analyses of actual tsunami events guides the numerical and experimental efforts by focusing the proposed investigations on the most practical and relevant problems for tsunami hazard reduction. The intended, primary impact of the proposed research is the mitigation of the devastating consequences of tsunami events, including loss of human life, destruction of property, damage to the environment, economic disruption, and social dislocation.

发生在洋底的地震使板块运动区域上方的整个水柱运动，产生海啸（地震海浪）。这种波浪在接近海岸时可达到10米以上的高度，并可造成大面积的洪水、财产损失和人命损失。这一行动是为了支持一项全面的研究计划，以了解当地海啸对人造和自然结构的影响。特别强调的是放在了解海啸结构的相互作用，可以导致有效的损害减轻措施。 该计划包括计算，实验和缓解组件分别由南卫理公会大学，华盛顿大学和城市区域研究的研究小组进行。南方卫理公会大学开发的波浪及其与结构物相互作用的数值模拟的新的鲁棒方法被用来模拟瞬态海啸流和周围的沿海结构物。华盛顿大学研制的高灵敏度电容式测波仪和光学水面剖面仪被用来在专门的三维波盆中进行海啸实验。城市区域研究在评估海啸损害和确定脆弱性模式方面的直接实地经验指导了计算和实验研究。这种协作努力有助于制定减轻海啸影响的措施。 一套实验室实验和数值模拟是足够简单的，海啸对结构的作用的基本物理可以探索。同时，试验装置和问题的选择也是符合实际的，因此，试验结果为岸线结构的设计和改造提供了手段。在整个研究过程中，充分利用了研究团队的多学科性质。对实际海啸事件的分析通过将拟议的调查集中在减少海啸灾害的最实际和最相关的问题上来指导数值和实验工作。 拟议研究的预期主要影响是减轻海啸事件的破坏性后果，包括人命损失、财产破坏、环境破坏、经济混乱和社会混乱。