Phylogenetic and Biological Studies of Dinosaur Bone Histology

恐龙骨组织学的系统发育和生物学研究

• 批准号: 9506694
• 负责人: Peter Dodson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9506694&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogenetic; Biological; Studies; Dinosaur; Bone

Dodson 9506694 Bone histology is a complex biological phenomenon. The nature of bone reflects phylogeny, ontogeny and events that punctuate the life history of the individual. Genuine progress in the study of dinosaur bone histology has resulted from disciplined studies of ontogenetic series of homologous bones. Such studies offer the best possible basis for physiological inferences about dinosaurs. Living and fossil ectotherms typically show bone structure termed lamellar-zonal, having wide zones alternating with narrow annuli, reflecting annual periods of rapid and slow bone deposition respectively. In living endotherms fibro-lamellar bone records rapid growth, typically without seasonal interruptions. Dinosaurs bone shows features characteristic of both endotherms and ectotherms. It is now evident that azonal fibrolamellar bone is not a character of basal dinosaurs, but is a derived character state that evolved independently several times in different lineages within the Dinosauria. Histology promises a privileged and powerful insight into dinosaur biology. In considering the paleobiology of dinosaurs, we will assess these animals on their own unique merits, without forcing them into stereotypes based on living endotherms and ectotherms. Four aspects of the proposed research are especially noteworthy: the standardized study of ontogenetic series of the same species; the phylogenetic study of the variation of bone tissue types; the stratigraphic distribution of bone types; and the investigation of the bone biology of living endotherms and ectotherms. In the proposed research the phylogenetic scope of growth series of dinosaurs will be extended to include basal dinosaurs , thyreophorans, and marginocephalians, as well as more derived forms such as hypsilophodontids, maniraptorans and basal birds. As a result, the evolution and distribution of bone types will be drawn into sharper phylogenetic focus than was previously possible. The proposed studies span the entire stratigrap hic distribution of dinosaurs, from the Late Triassic to the Late Cretaceous. A particularly valuable aspect of this study is the inclusion of growth series of the Chinese dinosaurs Lufengosaurus, Shunosaurus, and Protoceratops. Equally important, these studies will encompass a diverse array of extant ectotherms and endotherms. Studies of living animals of known environmental and biological history will elucidate factors that influence the structure of bone. The result of these investigations will be deeper insight into the phylogenetic and paleobiological significance of the histological structures of fossil bone.

多德森9506694 骨组织学是一种复杂的生物学现象。 骨的性质反映了个体发育、个体发育和打断个体生命史的事件。 恐龙骨骼组织学研究的真正进展来自于对同源骨骼的个体发育系列的严格研究。 这些研究为恐龙的生理推断提供了最好的可能基础。 活的和化石的外温动物通常显示称为层状带的骨结构，具有宽带与窄环交替，分别反映了骨沉积的快速和缓慢的年度周期。 在活的恒温动物中，纤维板层骨记录快速生长，通常没有季节性中断。 恐龙的骨头显示出内温动物和外温动物的特征。 现在很明显，无区纤维板层骨不是基底恐龙的特征，而是一种衍生的特征状态，在恐龙的不同谱系中独立进化了几次。 组织学保证了对恐龙生物学的独特而强大的洞察力。 在考虑恐龙的古生物学时，我们将根据它们自身的独特优点来评估这些动物，而不是强迫它们进入基于活的恒温动物和外温动物的刻板印象。 建议的研究有四个方面特别值得注意：同一物种的个体发育系列的标准化研究;骨组织类型变异的系统发育研究;骨类型的地层分布;以及活的内温动物和外温动物的骨生物学调查。 在拟议的研究中，恐龙生长系列的系统发育范围将扩大到包括基底恐龙，甲状龙和marginocephalians，以及更多的衍生形式，如hypsilophodontids，手盗龙和基底鸟类。 因此，骨骼类型的进化和分布将比以前更清晰地关注系统发育。 拟议的研究涵盖了恐龙的整个地层分布，从晚三叠世到晚白垩世。 这项研究的一个特别有价值的方面是包括中国恐龙禄丰龙，顺龙和原角龙的生长系列。 同样重要的是，这些研究将包括各种各样的现存的外温动物和内温动物。 对已知环境和生物历史的活动物的研究将阐明影响骨骼结构的因素。 这些研究的结果将有助于更深入地了解骨化石组织结构的系统发育和古生物学意义。