The Impact of Unions on Wages and Unemployment

这是一项关于1973年至1990年间18个经合组织国家工会水平下降对劳动力市场影响的研究。尽管工会会员人数的减少已经被仔细记录下来，但这种下降的影响以前没有按照这里提出的方式进行分析。研究认为，劳动力市场趋势是工人、雇主及其代表之间政治斗争的结果。它测试了关于集中式讨价还价的影响、社会民主党政党选举失败、劳动力不平等加剧的假设，以及关于油价冲击和世界贸易增长的相互竞争的经济学理论。利用研究人员开发的统计技术，考察了工会成员资格和失业之间的相互依赖关系。由于收入和就业可能出现强劲的部门趋势，这项研究还补充了英国、德国和美国的比较案例研究，这些国家有现有数据来检查国民经济的出口和受保护的部门。这项研究将为社会资本形成的重要过程提供新的社会学和制度解释，这将补充(如果不是挑战)现有的经济学解释。通过其对工人和雇主影响经济结果的斗争的关注，它将分层研究与政治社会学联系起来，并提出了扩大经济社会学概念的可能性。

This is a study of the labor market impact resulting from declining levels of unionization in 18 OECD countries between 1973-1990. Although trade union decline in membership has been carefully recorded, the effects of that decline have not been analyzed previously in the ways proposed here. The research argues that labor market trends are the result of political struggles among workers, employers, and their representatives. It tests hypotheses about the effects of centralized bargaining, the electoral failure of social democratic parties, increased inequality in the work force, and rival economic theories about the oil price shock and the growth of world trade. The mutual dependence of union membership and unemployment is examined using statistical techniques developed by the researcher. Because of the possibility of strong sectoral trends in earnings and employment , the research is supplemented with comparative case studies of Britain, Germany, and the United States, where there are existing data to examine export and sheltered sectors of the national economies. %%% The research will offer new sociological and institutional explanations of important processes of social capital formation that will supplement, if not challenge, existing economic explanations. Through its focus on the struggles by workers and employers to affect economic outcomes, it links stratification research with political sociology and presents the possibility of an enlarged conception of economic sociology.