Doctoral Dissertation Research: Racial Disparity in American Incarceration, 1868-1950

博士论文研究：美国监禁中的种族差异，1868-1950

• 批准号: 1303538
• 负责人: Bruce Western
• 金额: $ 0.68万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-06-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1303538&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Racial; Disparity

Bruce Western Christopher MullerHarvard UniversityBetween 1970 and 2010, the U.S. imprisonment rate increased fivefold, from roughly 100 per 100,000 residents to roughly 500 per 100,000 residents. No other nation incarcerates such a large proportion of its population. As the incarceration rate increased, it retained a striking racial disparity. African Americans today are imprisoned at about six times the rate of whites. The dissertation research proposes that racial disparity in incarceration had different sources in different periods of U.S. history. Immediately following the Civil War, racial differences in incarceration in the South were driven by transformations in the agricultural and industrial economy. During the Great Migration, racial disparity rose in the North due, in part, to status conflicts between migrating African Americans and the recent European immigrants who dominated northern police forces. Today, racial disparity persists not only because of the War on Drugs, but because of suburban voters' influence over urban criminal justice policy. These three hypotheses will be tested using archival records, secondary historical materials, and quantitative data.Broader Impacts In recent years, severe racial disparities in incarceration have been the subject of public and scholarly concern. Some scholars trace a direct path between former institutions of social control, such as slavery and Jim Crow, and high rates of African-American incarceration today. This project aims instead to study empirically the sources of racial disparity in three periods of U.S. history. Understanding these sources will better enable us to understand the problems that have led to vast racial inequality in punishment today.

布鲁斯西克里斯托弗穆勒哈佛大学在1970年至2010年期间，美国的监禁率增加了五倍，从每10万居民约100人增加到每10万居民约500人。没有其他国家监禁如此大比例的人口。随着监禁率的增加，它保留了惊人的种族差异。今天，非裔美国人的监禁率是白人的六倍。 本文认为，美国不同历史时期监禁中的种族差异有不同的根源。内战结束后，南方监禁中的种族差异是由农业和工业经济的转型所驱动的。在大迁徙期间，北方的种族不平等加剧，部分原因是移民中的非洲裔美国人和最近控制北方警察部队的欧洲移民之间的地位冲突。今天，种族不平等不仅因为禁毒战争而持续存在，而且因为郊区选民对城市刑事司法政策的影响。这三个假设将测试使用档案记录，二手史料，和定量data.Broader影响近年来，严重的种族差异监禁一直是公众和学术界关注的问题。一些学者追溯了奴隶制和吉姆·克劳（Jim Crow）等前社会控制制度与今天非洲裔美国人高监禁率之间的直接关系。该项目旨在实证研究美国历史上三个时期种族差异的来源。了解这些来源将使我们能够更好地了解导致当今惩罚中严重种族不平等的问题。