The Evolution of Specialization and Its Effects on Performance: Model Testing for American State Legislative Committees in the Twentieth Century

专业化的演变及其对绩效的影响：二十世纪美国州立法委员会的模型测试

• 批准号: 9511518
• 负责人: Keith Hamm
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: William Marsh Rice University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 2000-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9511518&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Specialization; Its; Effects; Performance

9511518 Hamm Every 20th century U.S. state legislative chamber has organized its work and completed its tasks by assigning members to smaller work groups--standing committees. As one would expect, this prominent role for committees in the legislative process has attracted the attention of citizen, press and academic observers. For example, writing in 1931, it was demonstrated that committee action was the final action for more than 90 percent of bills introduced in the Maryland Senate and House during the 1927 legislative session. Among the themes dominating political scientists' analysis of legislative committees from a functional perspective has been their growth in specialization and use as a means for "division of labor" in a chamber. Based on earlier work and using organization theory literature, several propositions regarding specialization in legislative committees are developed in this research investigation. The purpose of the current research is to allow the investigators to: posit a model of the causes of committee specialization; complete the collection of a data base on specialization indicators for American state legislative committees; analyze the data base resulting from these efforts using regression analysis; identify study states for collecting committee performance data from this analysis; posit a model of the consequences of committee specialization for committee performance in policy and program formulation; initiate the collection of legislative performance data relevant to evaluating the effects of committee specialization; analyze the data base resulting from these efforts using path analysis; and, prepare written reports and the data base for subsequent distribution. This project promises to substantially enhance our understanding of the topic of this research. ***

每一个20世纪的美国州立法院都是通过分配成员到较小的工作小组——常设委员会来组织工作和完成任务的。正如人们所预料的那样，委员会在立法过程中的这种突出作用引起了公民、新闻界和学术界观察家的注意。例如，在1931年的文章中，有证据表明，1927年立法会议期间，马里兰州参议院和众议院提出的90%以上的法案都是委员会行动的最终行动。政治学家从功能角度对立法委员会进行分析的主要主题之一是，立法委员会的专业化程度不断提高，并被用作议院“劳动分工”的手段。本研究在先前工作的基础上，利用组织理论文献，提出了立法委员会专业化的几个命题。当前研究的目的是允许研究者：假设委员会专业化的原因模型；完成美国各州立法委员会专业化指标数据库的收集工作；使用回归分析对这些工作产生的数据库进行分析；确定从该分析中收集委员会绩效数据的研究状态；假设一个委员会专业化对委员会在政策和计划制定中的表现的影响模型；开始收集与评估委员会专业化效果有关的立法绩效数据；使用路径分析来分析这些努力所产生的数据库；并为后续发布准备书面报告和数据库。这个项目有望大大增强我们对本研究主题的理解。* * *