Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Mechanical Implications of Agricultural Specialization

博士论文改进奖:农业专业化的机械意义

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2330607
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2023-09-01 至 2024-08-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This project focuses on economic and technical specialization with the adoption of agriculture in a Neolithic society between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago. The origins and spread of agriculture is arguably the most important economic transition in human history. It is widely believed that one consequence of the development of agricultural economies is the elaboration of economic specialization and division of labor, two central aspects of modern economies. This specialization is thought to be reflected in technology, leading to a proliferation of special purpose tools used for the processing of agricultural products such as grains. However, in some cases when agriculture is adopted there is a great deal of continuity in artifact forms between hunting and gathering cultures and succeeding farming groups: the tools used by early farmers are very similar to the ones used by their hunter-gatherer forebears, suggesting that assumptions about specialization may need to be modified. Archaeology is well placed to provide insight of this topic because it can trace technological and functional changes through time to reveal changes in social and economic organization associated with major economic transitions. This research provides new information relevant to local community interests in understanding the history of traditional food systems, and for teaching courses on local history and world prehistory.This project investigates whether economic and technological specialization is inevitably associated with adoption of food production, or whether it was simply what happened in the few areas. The investigators are examining how a range of stone tools were actually used before and after the transition of agriculture. The data comes from a site which documents this transition. This locality is particularly suitable for the project because it was the center of early millet agriculture, and because the site contains cultural components dating to before and after the transition, in the same locality. Artifact functions are investigated using two independent sources of evidence. One is use-wear, microscopic traces of damage to ancient artifacts. Such physical alteration provides insight into the motions involved in artifact use, as well as about the physical properties of the materials contacted. The other source of clues is minute residues of starch grains adhering to working parts of artifacts. Starches can provide direct evidence of the kinds of plants that people were cutting, grinding and scraping with the stone artifacts. By examining evidence for artifact function directly, the project can determine whether in fact artifacts were used in more specialized ways over time, even while the forms stayed the same, or whether one needs to rethink assumptions about specialization and the origins of agricultural economies.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.
该项目的重点是12,000年至8,000年前新石器时代社会采用农业的经济和技术专业化。农业的起源和传播可以说是人类历史上最重要的经济转型。人们普遍认为,农业经济发展的一个后果是经济专业化和劳动分工的发展,这是现代经济的两个核心方面。这种专门化被认为反映在技术上,导致用于加工谷物等农产品的专用工具的扩散。然而,在某些情况下,当农业被采用时,狩猎和采集文化与随后的农业群体之间的人工制品形式有很大的连续性:早期农民使用的工具与其狩猎采集祖先使用的工具非常相似,这表明有关专业化的假设可能需要修改。考古学是很好的位置,以提供这一主题的见解,因为它可以跟踪技术和功能的变化,随着时间的推移,揭示与重大经济转型相关的社会和经济组织的变化。本研究为当地社区了解传统食物系统的历史提供了新的信息,也为当地历史和世界史前史的教学提供了新的信息。本项目调查经济和技术专业化是否必然与食物生产的采用有关,或者仅仅是在少数地区发生的情况。调查人员正在研究一系列石器工具在农业转型前后的实际使用情况。这些数据来自一个记录这种转变的网站。这个地方特别适合这个项目,因为它是早期小米农业的中心,因为这个遗址包含了可以追溯到过渡前后的文化成分。使用两个独立的证据来源调查的功能。一个是使用磨损,古代文物损坏的微观痕迹。这种物理变化提供了对人工制品使用中涉及的运动以及所接触材料的物理性质的洞察。线索的另一个来源是粘附在文物工作部件上的微小淀粉颗粒残留物。淀粉可以提供直接的证据,证明人们用石器切割、研磨和刮擦的植物种类。通过直接检查工件功能的证据,项目可以确定工件是否随着时间的推移以更专业的方式使用,即使表单保持不变,这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命,并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响进行评估,被认为值得支持审查标准。

项目成果

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Steven Kuhn其他文献

Introduction of a Special Issue “Across steppes and mountains: the Initial Upper Paleolithic in Eurasia”
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s41982-021-00102-8
  • 发表时间:
    2021-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    2.600
  • 作者:
    Masami Izuho;Nicolas Zwyns;Steven Kuhn
  • 通讯作者:
    Steven Kuhn
Specifying Norms as a Way to Resolve Concrete Ethical Problems
指定规范作为解决具体道德问题的方法
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2017
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Henry S. Richardson;S. Richardson;Linda Emanuel;Andreas F0llesdal;Alfonso Gomez;Steven Kuhn;Aaron Mack;Michael D. Bayles
  • 通讯作者:
    Michael D. Bayles
The domino relation: Flattening a two-dimensional logic
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf00293447
  • 发表时间:
    1989-05-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.000
  • 作者:
    Steven Kuhn
  • 通讯作者:
    Steven Kuhn
The pragmatics of tense
  • DOI:
    10.1007/bf00485679
  • 发表时间:
    1979-02-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.300
  • 作者:
    Steven Kuhn
  • 通讯作者:
    Steven Kuhn

Steven Kuhn的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Steven Kuhn', 18)}}的其他基金

Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Settlement-Size Scaling and Economic Transformation in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru
博士论文改进补助金:秘鲁的的喀喀湖盆地的定居点规模扩大和经济转型
  • 批准号:
    1311626
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Upper San Pedro Revisited: Early Paleoindian Subsistence and Geochronology in Southeastern Arizona
博士论文改进补助金:重访上圣佩德罗:亚利桑那州东南部的早期古印第安人生存和地质年代学
  • 批准号:
    0532685
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Technology Transfers and Changing Osseous Raw Materials Use in the Kodiak Archipelago Contact Period
论文研究:科迪亚克群岛接触期的技术转让和改变骨质原材料的使用
  • 批准号:
    0424901
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Grant: Evaluating Levantine Early Upper Paleolithic Prismatic Blade Technology
论文资助:评估黎凡特旧石器时代晚期早期棱柱形刀片技术
  • 批准号:
    0126043
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Exploring the Initial Upper Paleolithic at Üçagizli Cave, Turkey
探索土耳其阿吉兹利洞穴的早期旧石器时代晚期
  • 批准号:
    0106433
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation: Landscape Learning in the Late Glacial Recolonization of Northwestern Europe
论文:西北欧冰川晚期再殖民中的景观学习
  • 批准号:
    0003709
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Late Pleistocene Prehistory of the Hatay, Turkey
土耳其哈塔伊人的更新世晚期史前史
  • 批准号:
    9804722
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
NSF-NATO Postdoctoral Fellow
NSF-北约博士后研究员
  • 批准号:
    9154452
  • 财政年份:
    1991
  • 资助金额:
    $ 1.37万
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award

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博士论文研究改进补助金:生物样本库、认知基础设施和基因组数据的生命周期
  • 批准号:
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