Nobel Physics and Chemistry Prizes

弗里德曼我们所有人都倾向于将诺贝尔奖视为科学上终极卓越的指标。开始理解奖项决定的一些前提条件最初是在1976年之后才出现的，当时50岁以上的诺贝尔奖程序开始公开。在他之前的资助下，弗里德曼博士开始探索物理和化学奖的历史。根据这笔拨款，弗里德曼博士将在瑞典学院的程序中重点关注与价值观和纪律文化相关的问题，并审查该奖项在通过试图锻造身份、集体记忆和传统来传递价值观方面的用途。学科界限、目标、标准和价值观不是自然产生的；它们是经过谈判、调整和经常有争议的。诺贝尔奖与纪律政治密不可分。在解开诺贝尔奖的神秘面纱--它的授予和各种用途--弗里德曼博士试图阐明在20世纪的科学中，价值观是如何谈判的，特别是在奖励和卓越的概念方面；谁是获奖者，什么类型的成就？这项研究将展示个人如何以及为什么尝试以不同程度的成功来塑造和利用诺贝尔奖的制度，以促进瑞典国内外的学科和文化议程：一部卓越政治史。当授予荣誉和声誉的政治变得显而易见时，如何理解奖励和卓越？今天，当知识本身的道德价值被竞争和市场价值的文化所折衷时，诺贝尔奖表彰那些赋予“人类利益”的人的愿望可能会被如何看待？

Friedman All of us tend to regard the Nobel prize as an indicator of ultimate excellence in science. Some preconditions to begin making sense of the prize decisions first became available after 1976 when Nobel proceedings over 50 years old became accessible. Under his previous grants, Dr. Friedman began exploring the history of the physics and chemistry prizes. Under this grant, Dr. Friedman is bringing into focus issues related to values and disciplinary cultures within the Swedish Academy's procedures as well as examining uses of the prize in transmitting values through attempts at forging identity, collective memory, and tradition. Disciplinary boundaries, goals, standards, and values do not occur naturally; these are negotiated, adapted, and often contested. Nobel prizes became enmeshed in disciplinary politics. In de-mystifying the Nobel prize -- its awarding and its various use -- Dr. Friedman seeks to illuminate how values have been negotiated in 20th century science especially with respect to concepts of reward and excellence; who is celebrated and for what types of achievements? This study will show how and why individuals attempted, with varying degrees of success, to fashion and appropriate the institution of the Nobel prize for furthering disciplinary and cultural agendas in Sweden and abroad: a history of the politics of excellence. How might reward and excellence be understood when the politics of assigning credit and renown are made visible? How might Nobel's wish to celebrate those who have conferred "benefit on mankind" be regarded today when the original moral referent of knowledge for its own sake is compromised by a culture of competition and market-place values?