Labor Market Dynamics and Public Policy During the Transition

SBR-9512001凯瑟琳特雷尔 该项目将扩展以前NSF资助的关于向市场经济过渡及其对劳动力市场影响的工作。 该项目将利用涉及捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国的“自然实验”。 这两个国家从共同的制度、法律、政策、法规、货币、价格、工资和劳动生产率开始，但在远离共产主义的道路上却截然不同。 斯洛伐克共和国的失业率飙升，而捷克共和国的失业率则是欧洲最低的。 寻找这些截然不同的经历的原因是一个重要的政策问题，因为长期的高失业率已经开始威胁到前苏联集团新民主政府的生存能力。 本项目将在以往研究失业持续时间和失业流动的基础上，研究失业、就业和劳动力外流之间的流动以及工作间的流动。 该项目还将研究工资调整及其对劳动力流动的影响。 该项目的一个重要组成部分是创建关于两国工人劳动力市场经验的新数据集。 对随机选择的6，000名新失业工人进行的后续问卷调查将研究他们失业后的目的地。 此外，还将向两个共和国的5 000名个人发放一份回顾性问卷。 被抽样的人将被要求追溯到1991年的就业历史。 这将使私人侦探能够区分在共产主义下的工作与在向民主和自由市场过渡以来创造的新工作中的就业。

SBR-9512001 Katherine Terrell This project will extend previous NSF-funded work on the transition to a market economy and its effect on the labor market. The project will take advantage of a "natural experiment" involving the Czech and Slovak Republics. The two countries began with common institutions, laws, policies, regulations, currency, prices, wages and labor productivity, yet have followed very different paths away from communism. The Slovak Republic has seen its unemployment rate soar while the Czech Republic has experienced among the lowest unemployment rates in Europe. Finding the causes of these very different experiences is an important policy question since chronic high unemployment has begun to threaten the viability of the newly democratic governments in the former Soviet bloc. This project will build on previous work that focused on unemployment duration and the flow out of unemployment by looking also at the flows between unemployment, employment, and out-of-the labor force as well as job-to-job flows. The project will also look at wage adjustment and its effects on the labor flows. An important part of this project is the creation of new data sets on labor market experiences of workers in the two countries. A follow-up questionnaire on a randomly selected set of 6,000 newly unemployed workers will look at their destination after unemployment. In addition, a retrospective questionnaire will be administered to 5,000 individuals in both republics. Those sampled will be asked for a retrospective employment history going back to 1991. This will allow the P.I.s to distinguish employment in jobs held under communism from employment in new jobs created since the transition to democracy and free markets.