Labor Market Dynamics and Public Policy During the Transition

9512001凯瑟琳·特雷尔这个项目将延续之前由美国国家科学基金会资助的关于向市场经济转型及其对劳动力市场影响的工作。该项目将利用捷克和斯洛伐克共和国的“自然实验”。两国从共同的制度、法律、政策、法规、货币、价格、工资和劳动生产率开始，但走上了远离共产主义的截然不同的道路。斯洛伐克共和国的失业率飙升，而捷克共和国的失业率位居欧洲最低之列。找到这些截然不同的经历的原因是一个重要的政策问题，因为长期的高失业率已经开始威胁到前苏联集团新成立的民主政府的生存能力。这个项目将在以前专注于失业持续时间和失业流出的工作的基础上，通过研究失业、就业和失业劳动力之间的流动以及工作到工作之间的流动来进行。该项目还将研究工资调整及其对劳动力流动的影响。该项目的一个重要部分是创建关于两国工人劳动力市场经验的新数据集。对随机选择的6000名新失业工人的后续调查问卷将考察他们失业后的目的地。此外，还将向这两个共和国的5000人发放回溯性问卷。被抽样者将被要求提供追溯到1991年的就业历史。这将允许私人投资者区分共产主义时期的就业和向民主和自由市场过渡以来创造的新工作。

SBR-9512001 Katherine Terrell This project will extend previous NSF-funded work on the transition to a market economy and its effect on the labor market. The project will take advantage of a "natural experiment" involving the Czech and Slovak Republics. The two countries began with common institutions, laws, policies, regulations, currency, prices, wages and labor productivity, yet have followed very different paths away from communism. The Slovak Republic has seen its unemployment rate soar while the Czech Republic has experienced among the lowest unemployment rates in Europe. Finding the causes of these very different experiences is an important policy question since chronic high unemployment has begun to threaten the viability of the newly democratic governments in the former Soviet bloc. This project will build on previous work that focused on unemployment duration and the flow out of unemployment by looking also at the flows between unemployment, employment, and out-of-the labor force as well as job-to-job flows. The project will also look at wage adjustment and its effects on the labor flows. An important part of this project is the creation of new data sets on labor market experiences of workers in the two countries. A follow-up questionnaire on a randomly selected set of 6,000 newly unemployed workers will look at their destination after unemployment. In addition, a retrospective questionnaire will be administered to 5,000 individuals in both republics. Those sampled will be asked for a retrospective employment history going back to 1991. This will allow the P.I.s to distinguish employment in jobs held under communism from employment in new jobs created since the transition to democracy and free markets.