An Instrument Combining Computerized 3D Plant Photogrammetry With Automated Physiological Monitoring

计算机化 3D 植物摄影测量与自动生理监测相结合的仪器

• 批准号: 9513549
• 负责人: Stephen Welch
• 金额: $ 33.42万
• 依托单位: Kansas State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-01 至 2001-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9513549&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Instrument; Combining; Computerized; 3D; Plant

There is an extensive history of measuring plant photosynthetic processes and water relations. However, a major impediment has been the impossibility of actually determining the light distribution over the entire surface of a particular plant during a physiological experiment; plant geometry is just too complex. While much useful information has been obtained in spite of this, other, important questions have gone begging. Information of this type would contribute to the understanding of (1) the partitioning of biomass among plant components and its relationship to photosynthesis; (2) examination of subtle morphological differences between species and subspecies; (3) influence of photobiology on morphology and phenology (e.g., elongation, heliotropism); (4) plant morphological responses to chemical and environmental factors (e.g., water stress, temperature, and CO2); and many others. This project seeks to develop a laboratory instrument capable of measuring transient photosynthetic and transpiration rates of a plant while simultaneously determining the complete 3D structure of its canopy. The instrument will combine elements of machine vision and stereophotogrammetry with traditional methods of gas exchange monitoring and online sap flow measurement. The basic design will involve a gas tight, transparent chamber containing the experimental plant with connections to CO2/H2O gas analyzers. Sap flow sensors will be attached to the plant. All outputs will be monitored by microcomputer. Illumination will be controlled and the plants will be photographed at various angles by a robotically operated camera. Machine vision techniques will be used to separate the plant from the background and then segment it into leaves, stems, etc. Multiple images will be combined through stereophotogrammetry to obtain a solid, 3D computer model of the plant. The plant surface illumination distribution can then be calculated using standard radiosity imaging software. Given the num ber of plant scientists who make laboratory measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration, there is a large potential audience for this device. There is also good reason for confidence that the effort will be successful. One PI has already developed a stereophotogrammetry system which computes and images 3D plant models from manually digitized photos. The team also includes machine vision expertise and examples of segmenting digital plant images exists in the literature. The physiological techniques are well established and three PI's are versed in their use. Team members also have experience with data acquisition system design and general engineering. Finally, appropriate radiosity codes are available in the public domain.

测量植物光合作用过程和水的关系有着悠久的历史。然而，一个主要的障碍是不可能在生理实验中实际确定特定植物整个表面的光分布；植物的几何结构太复杂了。尽管如此，我们还是获得了许多有用的信息，但其他重要的问题却没有得到解决。这类信息将有助于理解：(1)生物量在植物组分之间的分配及其与光合作用的关系；(2)种与亚种之间细微形态差异的检验；(3)光生物学对形态和物候的影响（如伸长、向日性）；(4)植物形态对化学和环境因子（如水分胁迫、温度和CO2）的响应；还有其他许多人。该项目旨在开发一种实验室仪器，能够测量植物的瞬时光合作用和蒸腾速率，同时确定其树冠的完整3D结构。该仪器将机器视觉和立体摄影测量的元素与传统的气体交换监测和在线液流测量方法相结合。基本设计将包括一个气密的透明室，其中包含连接到CO2/H2O气体分析仪的实验装置。液流传感器将被安装在植物上。所有产出将由微型计算机监测。照明将被控制，植物将被机器人操作的相机从不同角度拍摄下来。机器视觉技术将用于将植物从背景中分离出来，然后将其分割成叶子，茎等。多幅图像将通过立体摄影测量相结合，以获得该植物的实体三维计算机模型。然后可以使用标准辐射成像软件计算植物表面的光照分布。考虑到在实验室测量光合作用和蒸腾作用的植物科学家的数量，这个设备有很大的潜在受众。我们也有充分的理由相信，这项努力将会取得成功。一个PI已经开发了一个立体摄影测量系统，该系统可以通过手动数字化照片计算和成像3D植物模型。该团队还包括机器视觉专业知识和文献中存在的分割数字植物图像的示例。生理技术已经很好地建立了，三个PI精通它们的使用。团队成员还具有数据采集系统设计和一般工程的经验。最后，适当的辐射码在公共领域是可用的。