Perceptual and Decisional Processes in Identification and Categorization

识别和分类中的感知和决策过程

• 批准号: 9514331
• 负责人: W Todd Maddox
• 金额: $ 7.44万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-04-01 至 1998-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9514331&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Perceptual; Decisional; Processes; Identification; Categorization

9514331 MADDOX The long-term objective of this research is to better understand the perceptual and cognitive processes involved when a person identifies or categorizes objects. This research will investigate the complex interplay between perceptual and decisional processes within the theoretical framework of General Recognition theory which is a multivariate generalization of Signal Detection Theory. This research will investigate several important aspects of human behavior. First, this research will investigate the optimality of human categorization performance when category baserates and category payoffs are unequal. This is an important issue, because baserate and payoff differences are ubiquitous in nature; for example, disease categories often differ in their frequency and in the costs and benefits associated with various diagnoses. Since the goal of the physician is to diagnose a patient accurately, efficient use of baserate and payoff information is extremely important. This research will not only allow one to determine the optimality of human performance, but will assist in identifying the locus of any potential suboptimalities. Second, this research will examine the time it takes an individual to arrive at an identification or categorization decision. The focus will be on identifying the environmental factors that influence response time, such as whether the components of the object can be attended selectively, or whether the identification or categorization problem is complex, etc. A major goal will be to test several extant theories of response time, including the response time predictions from General Recognition Theory. This work complements the baserate and payoff analyses because not only does the physician want to make an accurate diagnosis, but in many cases the physician is under severe time pressure. Third, this research will investigate the relationship between the identification and categorization of objects. The focus will be on understanding how perceptual and decisional processes differ across tasks. The results of this research will allow us to better understand human identification and categorization behavior, and ultimately influence these behaviors in a productive and useful manner. ***

9514331 MADDOX这项研究的长期目标是更好地理解当一个人识别或分类物体时所涉及的知觉和认知过程。本研究将在一般再认理论的理论框架内研究知觉和决策过程之间的复杂相互作用。一般再认理论是信号检测理论的多元推广。这项研究将调查人类行为的几个重要方面。首先，本研究将考察当类别基数和类别收益不相等时人类分类绩效的最佳性。这是一个重要的问题，因为基数和收益的差异在本质上是普遍存在的；例如，疾病类别在其频率以及与各种诊断相关的成本和收益方面往往不同。由于医生的目标是准确地诊断病人，因此有效地利用基准和收益信息是非常重要的。这项研究不仅将使人们能够确定人类表现的最佳性，而且将有助于确定任何潜在的次最佳性的位置。其次，这项研究将考察一个人做出识别或分类决定所需的时间。重点是确定影响反应时间的环境因素，例如是否可以有选择地关注对象的组件，或者识别或分类问题是否复杂等。主要目标将是检验几种现有的反应时间理论，包括一般识别理论中的反应时间预测。这项工作是对基准和回报分析的补充，因为医生不仅想要做出准确的诊断，而且在许多情况下，医生面临着严重的时间压力。第三，本研究将考察客体识别和分类之间的关系。重点是了解感知和决策过程在不同任务中的不同之处。这项研究的结果将使我们能够更好地理解人类的识别和分类行为，并最终以富有成效和有用的方式影响这些行为。***