Jury Decision Making in Capital Cases: The Punishment Phase

陪审团在死刑案件中的决策：惩罚阶段

• 批准号: 9515451
• 负责人: Richard Wiener
• 金额: $ 23.41万
• 依托单位: Saint Louis University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 2001-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9515451&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Jury; Decision; Making; Capital; Cases

9515451 Wiener This project use social cognition theory to study the way in which eligible jurors understand and apply the law in capital murder trials to determine whether to sentence a defendant to life in prison or to death. Previous research has found that potential jurors do not reliably comprehend instructions which direct jurors to weigh aggravating and mitigating factors to determine a sentence. The current project involves two separate studies of juror and jury decision that will attempt to determine whether cognitive prototypes that appear to be inconsistent with the law interfere with jurors' understanding of sentencing instructions. The first study involves structured interviews with 100 capital jury-eligible citizens to determine their beliefs about accused and convicted murderers, victims of murder, aggravating circumstances, mitigating circumstances, and other elements of law. The second study is a mock jury study with video presentation of a re-enacted murder trial and jury deliberations. It will test the hypothesis that miscomprehension of sentencing instructions is produced not only by unclear language but also by the existence of l)incongruence between the jurors' schemata of murder (measured in study 1) and the law outlined in the instructions and 2) the lack of procedural knowledge concerning the cognitive steps that jurors must enact to follow the instructions. The overall goal of the research is to understand the types of cognitive errors that jurors commit and the way in which these errors may influence deliberations and final sentences in first degree murder trials. %%%% This project use social cognition theory to study the way in which eligible jurors understand and apply the law in capital murder trials to determine whether to sentence a defendant to life in prison or to death. Previous research has found that potential jurors do not reliably comprehend instructions which direct jurors to weigh aggravating and mitigating factors to determine a sentence. The c urrent project involves two separate studies of juror and jury decision that will attempt to determine whether cognitive prototypes that appear to be inconsistent with the law interfere with jurors' understanding of sentencing instructions. The first study involves structured interviews with 100 capital jury-eligible citizens to determine their beliefs about accused and convicted murderers, victims of murder, aggravating circumstances, mitigating circumstances, and other elements of law. The second study is a mock jury study with video presentation of a re-enacted murder trial and jury deliberations. The overall goal of the research is to understand the types of cognitive errors that jurors commit and the way in which these errors may influence deliberations and final sentences in first degree murder trials. ****

9515451 Wiener这个项目使用社会认知理论来研究合格的陪审员在死刑谋杀案审判中理解和应用法律的方式，以决定是否判处被告终身监禁或死刑。先前的研究发现，潜在的陪审员不能可靠地理解指示陪审员权衡加重和减轻因素，以确定一个句子。 目前的项目涉及两个独立的研究陪审员和陪审团的决定，将试图确定是否认知原型，似乎是不符合法律的干扰陪审员的理解量刑指示。第一项研究涉及对100名符合死刑陪审团条件的公民进行结构化访谈，以确定他们对被指控和被定罪的杀人犯、谋杀受害者、加重情节、减轻情节和其他法律要素的看法。第二项研究是一个模拟陪审团的研究与视频演示重新制定的谋杀案审判和陪审团审议。它将测试的假设，即误解的量刑指示不仅是由不明确的语言，但也存在l）之间的不一致的谋杀案陪审员的图式（研究1中测量）和法律概述的指示和2）缺乏程序知识的认知步骤，陪审员必须制定遵循的指示。研究的总体目标是了解陪审员犯下的认知错误的类型，以及这些错误可能影响一级谋杀案审判中的审议和最终判决的方式。 这个项目使用社会认知理论来研究合格的陪审员在死刑谋杀案审判中理解和应用法律的方式，以确定是否判处被告终身监禁或死刑。先前的研究发现，潜在的陪审员不能可靠地理解指示陪审员权衡加重和减轻因素，以确定一个句子。 目前的项目涉及两个独立的研究陪审员和陪审团的决定，将试图确定是否认知原型，似乎是不符合法律的干扰陪审员的理解量刑指示。第一项研究涉及对100名符合死刑陪审团条件的公民进行结构化访谈，以确定他们对被指控和被定罪的杀人犯、谋杀受害者、加重情节、减轻情节和其他法律要素的看法。第二项研究是一个模拟陪审团的研究与视频演示重新制定的谋杀案审判和陪审团审议。研究的总体目标是了解陪审员犯下的认知错误的类型，以及这些错误可能影响一级谋杀案审判中的审议和最终判决的方式。 ****