Self-referencing, Social Identity and Judgments of Sexual Harassment
自我参照、社会认同与性骚扰判断
基本信息
- 批准号:0717583
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 30.24万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2007
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2007-09-15 至 2012-08-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
AbstractSelf-referencing, Social Identity and Judgments of Sexual Harassment This proposal identifies assumptions in hostile work environment sexual harassment law, offers a two-stage processing model to explain them, and proposes 4 studies to test that model. The studies will examine the influence of observer and complainant gender, race, and sexual orientation in harassment judgments. The first stage of the model involves evaluators automatically comparing case facts to internal standards of conduct that may or may not exceed abusiveness thresholds. In the second stage, decision makers use themselves as reference points to judge the impact of social sexual conduct on complainants. These studies are particularly relevant because recent non-binding legal commentary from the U.S. Supreme Court (i.e., Justice Alito) took aim at the longstanding approach of the Ninth Circuit in deciding these cases. The Ninth circuit favors a semi-subjective point of view, the reasonable victim standard when evaluating abusiveness in hostile work environment cases. Such a standard determines abusiveness after considering gender, race, sexual orientation and other relevant complainant attributes. The current theoretical model provides an analysis that explains why a more subjective approach might be useful.In examining the effect of type of legal standard, the current proposal extends prior work to include harassment of male workers by other men. It tests the power of the reasonable victim as opposed to the reasonable person standard to offset the discriminatory influences of observer and complainant gender, race, and sexual orientation on perceptions of social sexual conduct at work. Study 1 will consist of an open-ended interview to document cognitive representations that heterosexual and homosexual workers use to think about harassers and victims in male on male complaints. It uses concept mapping and qualitative data analysis to reach conclusions about these issues. One product of study 1 will be a measure of identification with male victims and harassers as well as a description of the characteristics that evaluators ascribe to alleged harassers and victims in male on male harassment cases. The measure that results will be used in studies 2 and 3 to test social identification predictions in male on male harassment cases. Other researchers may use this measure to study claims of male and male sexual harassment, which are growing in number in the legal literature. Studies 2 and 3 will present two videotaped interviews of complainants, alleged harassers, and other workers describing incidents that led to recent cases in which male workers complain about the conduct of other men. While both studies manipulate legal standard (reasonable person vs. reasonable victim), study 2 varies the race of the complainant (African-American vs. Caucasian) and study 3, sexual orientation of the complainant (heterosexual vs. homosexual). Study 2 samples White and African American workers and study 3 samples heterosexual and homosexual workers. Study 4 replicates study 2 with two traditional cases in which women allege that male coworkers behaved abusively. Studies 2, 3, and 4 include individual difference measures of social identification and self-referencing assessing how these factors might influence the fulltime workers who will evaluate the cases. Each study tests self-referencing hypotheses. They anticipate main effects for observer gender, race, and sexual orientation, as well as, interactions between these variables and complainant race and sexual orientation. The researchers expect stigmatized observers (i.e., women, Blacks, and homosexuals) to find more evidence of harassment especially when sharing in-group status with the complainants on these factors. However, the model predicts that the effects of self-referencing and stigmatization will attenuate when evaluators apply the more subjective reasonable victim standard because that standard encourages them to take the point of view of the alleged victim rather their assuming their own perspectives. The researchers also expect that evaluators will demonstrate bias against African American and homosexual complainants as compared to White and heterosexual complainants, finding less evidence of harassment for the former groups than the latter groups. However, the model predicts that the more subjective reasonable victim standard will offset this bias. The 4 studies investigate the role of worker diversity in harassment judgments and test whether the reasonable victim standard can offset the unintended consequences of workplace diversity. As such, it has important implications for Title VII law.
摘要自我参照、社会认同与性骚扰的判断本研究提出了敌意工作环境性骚扰法的假设,并提出了一个两阶段的处理模型来解释这些假设,同时提出了四个研究来检验该模型。这些研究将探讨观察者和投诉人的性别,种族和性取向在骚扰判决的影响。该模型的第一阶段涉及评估人员自动将案件事实与内部行为标准进行比较,这些标准可能会或可能不会超过滥用阈值。在第二阶段,决策者以自己为参照点,判断社会性行为对投诉人的影响。这些研究特别相关,因为美国最高法院最近的非约束性法律的评论(即,阿利托大法官)的目标是第九巡回法院在裁决这些案件时的长期做法。第九巡回法院倾向于半主观的观点,即在评估敌对工作环境案件中的虐待行为时,采用合理的受害者标准。这一标准在考虑性别、种族、性取向和其他相关申诉人属性后确定虐待行为。目前的理论模型提供了一个分析,解释了为什么一个更主观的方法可能是有用的。在检查类型的法律的标准的效果,目前的建议,扩大以前的工作,包括男性工人的骚扰其他男子。它测试了合理的受害者的力量,而不是合理的人的标准,以抵消观察员和投诉人的性别,种族和性取向对工作中的社会性行为的看法的歧视性影响。研究1将包括一个开放式的采访,记录的认知表征,异性恋和同性恋工作者使用的男性认为骚扰者和受害者的男性投诉。它使用概念图和定性数据分析来得出有关这些问题的结论。研究1的一个产品将是识别男性受害者和骚扰者的措施,以及描述的特征,评估人员归因于男性骚扰案件中的被指控的骚扰者和受害者。研究2和研究3将使用该方法来测试男性骚扰案件中男性的社会认同预测。其他研究人员可能会使用这种方法来研究男性和男性性骚扰的索赔,这在法律的文献中越来越多。 研究2和3将提供两个录像采访的投诉人,被指控的骚扰者,和其他工人描述的事件,导致最近的案件中,男性工人抱怨其他男子的行为。虽然这两项研究都操纵了法律的标准(合理的人与合理的受害者),但研究2改变了申诉人的种族(非洲裔美国人与高加索人),研究3改变了申诉人的性取向(异性恋与同性恋)。研究2个样本白色和非洲裔美国工人和研究3个样本异性恋和同性恋工人。研究4复制了研究2,其中两个传统的情况下,妇女声称,男性同事的行为虐待。研究2,3和4包括社会认同和自我参考的个体差异措施,评估这些因素可能会影响全职工作者谁将评估的情况。 每项研究都测试了自我参照假设。他们预计观察员性别,种族和性取向的主要影响,以及这些变量和投诉人种族和性取向之间的相互作用。研究人员希望被污名化的观察者(即,妇女、黑人和同性恋者),以找到更多的骚扰证据,特别是在这些因素上与投诉人分享群体地位时。然而,该模型预测,自我参考和污名化的影响将减弱时,评估人员适用更主观的合理的受害者标准,因为该标准鼓励他们采取的角度来看,据称受害者,而不是他们假设自己的观点。研究人员还预计,与白色和异性恋投诉人相比,评估人员将对非洲裔美国人和同性恋投诉人表现出偏见,发现前一组的骚扰证据少于后一组。然而,该模型预测,更主观合理的受害者标准将抵消这种偏见。 这四项研究调查了员工多样性在骚扰判断中的作用,并测试了合理的受害者标准是否可以抵消工作场所多样性的意外后果。因此,它对第七章法律具有重要意义。
项目成果
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科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Richard Wiener其他文献
2024 Forum Award Winners
2024 年论坛奖获得者
- DOI:
10.1088/1361-6587/ac6694 - 发表时间:
2022 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.2
- 作者:
S. Zweben;R. Budnitz;G. Violini;Maury Goodman;Richard Wiener;Kartik Sheth;Kathleen R. Turner;R. Bandyopadhyay;Kausik S Das;I. Gledhill;Jeffrey Kovac;Dr. Ruth Howes - 通讯作者:
Dr. Ruth Howes
Dealing with mentally ill domestic violence perpetrators: A therapeutic jurisprudence judicial model
- DOI:
10.1016/j.ijlp.2010.09.013 - 发表时间:
2010-11-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Bruce J. Winick;Richard Wiener;Anthony Castro;Aryn Emmert;Leah S. Georges - 通讯作者:
Leah S. Georges
Richard Wiener的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Richard Wiener', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Evaluating Models of Rehabilitation and Probation in the Criminal Justice System
博士论文研究:评估刑事司法系统中的改造和缓刑模式
- 批准号:
1729518 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Conference:Scialog:Accelerating Scientific Breakthroughs in Solar Energy Conversion with Team Science and Dialog 2013. The conference will be held at Biosphere 2 near Tucson, AZ.
会议:Scialog:2013 年科学与对话团队加速太阳能转换方面的科学突破。会议将在亚利桑那州图森附近的生物圈 2 号举行。
- 批准号:
1238658 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Scialog: A Program of Scientific Research and Dialog
Scialog:科学研究和对话计划
- 批准号:
1052728 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Interpersonal Interaction, Affective Forecasting, and Harassment in the Workplace
人际互动、情感预测和工作场所骚扰
- 批准号:
1122683 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Motivation & Loss Aversion in the Health Savings Account Paradigm
博士论文研究:动机
- 批准号:
1023766 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Juror Perceptions of Juveniles Transferred to Criminal Court: The Role of Generic Prejudice and Emotion in Determinations of Guilt.
博士论文研究:陪审员对移交刑事法庭的青少年的看法:一般偏见和情感在有罪判定中的作用。
- 批准号:
0961060 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
REU Site--Psychology and Law: Research Experiences for Undergraduates at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
REU 网站--心理学和法学:内布拉斯加大学林肯分校本科生的研究经历
- 批准号:
0754954 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: Going By Your Gut: The Influence of Emotion on Perceptions of Liability in Fast Food and Tobacco Litigation
博士论文研究:凭直觉:情绪对快餐和烟草诉讼中责任认知的影响
- 批准号:
0617269 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Jury Bias in Criminal Cases: Sexual Assault, Homicide, and Generic Prejudice
刑事案件中的陪审团偏见:性侵犯、杀人和一般偏见
- 批准号:
0451501 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
REU Site--Psychology and Law: Research Experiences for Undergraduates at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
REU 网站--心理学和法学:内布拉斯加大学林肯分校本科生的研究经验
- 批准号:
0453016 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 30.24万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
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