Dissertation Research: Pedal Function in Anthropoid Primates

论文研究：类人灵长类动物的踏板功能

• 批准号: 9520363
• 负责人: William Jungers
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-15 至 1997-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9520363&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Pedal; Function; Anthropoid

The foot is among the most frequently analyzed elements of the primate anatomy, as foot morphology is closely linked to locomotor mechanics and habitat use, and foot remains are common in the fossil record. However, despite the abundant amount of research on the shape (morphology) of the primate foot, little is known about the function of the primate foot in living animals and humans. Yet this is absolutely necessary for the interpretation of fossil foot function and understanding of the evolutionary processes by which animal postcranial design evolved in response to changing environmental conditions. This project, from the outstanding laboratory in this area of research, will apply comparative and experimental methods to the study of foot design and evolution in living apes and humans, which is the necessary first step before infering function and behavior in extinct species, including the earliest fossil human ancestors. In order to understand the development of the highly specialized foot anatomy of humans, comparisons will be made across humans, apes, and a few selected monkey species. The primary focus is on the `functional axis` of the foot, a feature usually defined morphologically by metatarsal or digital formulae or by the distribution of the intrinsic digital abductor muscles. Competing hypotheses that link morphological axes (and other features) to substrate use and specific behaviors will be tested empirically by application of simultaneous video, kinetic, and muscle monitoring electrode methodologies. This study will provide the first comprehensive data on function of the living anthropoid foot. The methods developed here will also open a new avenue for experimental research in primate locomotion that can analyze movement and force distribution within foot elements and at the interface of the foot and its substrate (ground or branches). It will also involve the training of a young professional in an outstanding laboratory.

脚是灵长类解剖学中最常分析的元素之一，因为脚的形态与运动力学和栖息地使用密切相关，并且脚的遗骸在化石记录中很常见。 然而，尽管对灵长类动物脚的形状（形态学）进行了大量的研究，但对灵长类动物脚在活体动物和人类中的功能知之甚少。 然而，这是绝对必要的化石脚功能的解释和理解的进化过程中，动物的颅后设计进化，以应对不断变化的环境条件。 该项目来自这一研究领域的杰出实验室，将应用比较和实验方法研究猿类和人类的足部设计和进化，这是推断灭绝物种（包括最早的化石人类祖先）的功能和行为之前必要的第一步。 为了了解人类高度专业化的足部解剖学的发展，将在人类，猿和一些选定的猴子物种之间进行比较。 主要关注的是脚的“功能轴”，这是一个通常由跖骨或趾公式或由固有趾外展肌的分布在形态上定义的特征。 竞争的假设，链接形态轴（和其他功能）基板的使用和具体的行为将进行测试经验，同时视频，动力学和肌肉监测电极方法的应用。 这项研究将提供第一个全面的数据，对生活的脚的功能。 这里开发的方法也将为灵长类动物运动的实验研究开辟一条新的途径，可以分析足部元素内以及足部及其基底（地面或分支）界面处的运动和力分布。 它还将涉及在一个杰出的实验室培训一名年轻的专业人员。