Popular Representation and Party Systems: Products of Electoral Reform and Tools of Survival

大众代表制和政党制度：选举改革的产物和生存工具

• 批准号: 9520426
• 负责人: Robert Jackman
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-08-01 至 1996-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9520426&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Popular; Representation; Party; Systems; Products

This research seeks to test a two-part hypothesis about the creation of electoral laws and their effects on a nation's political party system: electoral procedures that improve the level of representativeness of a party system will only be implemented only when doing so improves the political position of the politicians involved in making the laws. Using data on electoral reforms and the politicians who supported or opposed them, this study will discover whether politicians whose political survival is threatened will prefer rules that broaden participation in an effort to amass as much support as possible. On the other hand, secure politicians will favor the electoral rules that brought them into power while opposing laws that allow new parties and participants. The research targets Latin America where party systems with varying degrees of representativeness were replaced first by military regimes that have recently given way to democratically elected governments.

本研究旨在检验关于选举法的制定及其对国家政党制度的影响的两部分假设：只有当这样做提高了参与制定法律的政治家的政治地位时，才能实施提高政党制度代表性水平的选举程序。 利用选举改革的数据和支持或反对他们的政治家，这项研究将发现，政治生存受到威胁的政治家是否会更喜欢扩大参与的规则，以争取尽可能多的支持。 另一方面，安全的政治家将支持使他们掌权的选举规则，同时反对允许新政党和参与者的法律。 这项研究以拉丁美洲为对象，在那里，具有不同程度代表性的政党制度首先被军事政权所取代，最近又被民主选举的政府所取代。