Structure of Liquid Surfaces: X-ray Scattering Studies

9523440珀山这个项目涉及技术和方法的发展，这些技术和方法将能够测量在散装液体和薄液体薄膜表面以前未观察到的现象。需要研究的现象包括：(1)二维朗缪尔单分子膜(LM)的微观结构与热力学性质的关系。其中一个特别有趣的系统将是通过细菌表达人工基因而制备的周期性两面体多肽的LM。(Ii)富勒烯化学衍生物在水面上的朗缪尔单分子膜的平面有序二维。(Iii)化学变化对液态汞和可能的镓表面上硫醇自组装的朗缪尔单分子膜平面结构的影响。(4)二元液体和聚合物刷等复杂体系润湿层表面法线上的成分结构。这些实验可以极大地增加对液体表面性质的了解，并在美国和其他地方具有潜在的商业应用。%本研究计划的主要目标是探索液体表面的微观结构和相关的统计性质。该项目涉及开发技术和方法，使之能够测量在散装液体和薄液体薄膜表面以前未观察到的现象。与对物质的固相，包括其表面的相对全面的了解相比，对液态的了解相对较少。尽管有大量关于液态的文献，但这是正确的，原因之一是，散装液体中缺乏长程有序性，这排除了许多有助于目前对固体微观结构的理解的可测量现象。***

9523440 Pershan This project is concerned with the development of techniques and methods that will allow measurement of previously unobserved phenomena at the surfaces of both bulk liquids and thin liquid films. Some of the phenomena to be studied include: (i) The relation between microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of two-dimensional (2D) order of Langmuir monolayers (LM). One particularly interesting such system will be LM of periodic amphipillic polypeptides prepared by bacterial expression of artificial genes. (ii) The 2D in plane order of Langmuir monolayers of fullerene chemical derivatives on the surface of water. (iii) The effects of chemical variations on the in-plane structure of self assembled Langmuir monolayers of thiols on the surface of liquid mercury and possibly gallium. (iv) The compositional structure along the surface normal of wetting layers of complex systems, such as binary liquids and polymer brushes. These experiments can increase knowledge of the properties of liquid surfaces dramatically, and have potential commercial applications in the US and elsewhere. %%% The principal objective of this research program is to explore the microscopic structure and associated statistical properties of liquid surfaces. The project is concerned with the development of techniques and methods that will allow measurement of previously unobserved phenomena at the surfaces of both bulk liquids and thin liquid films. In contrast with the relatively comprehensive understanding of the solid phases of matter, including their surfaces, knowledge of the liquid phase is relatively modest. One reason that this is true in spite of the vast literature on liquid phases is that the lack of long-range order in bulk liquids obviates much of the measurable phenomena that contributed to the current understanding of the microscopic structure of solids. ***