Structure of Liquid Surfaces: X-ray Scattering Studies

小行星9523440 该项目关注的是技术和方法的发展，将允许在散装液体和薄液膜的表面测量以前未观察到的现象。研究内容包括：（1）二维有序朗缪尔单分子膜（LM）的微观结构与热力学性质之间的关系。一个特别令人感兴趣的这样的系统将是通过人工基因的细菌表达制备的周期性两亲性多肽的LM。(ii)富勒烯衍生物在水表面的单分子膜的二维平面有序性。(iii)化学变化对液态汞和可能的镓表面上硫醇自组装朗缪尔单分子膜的面内结构的影响。(iv)复杂体系（如二元液体和聚合物刷）润湿层表面法线方向沿着的组成结构。这些实验可以大大增加对液体表面性质的了解，并在美国和其他地方具有潜在的商业应用。 本研究计划的主要目标是探索液体表面的微观结构和相关的统计特性。该项目关注的是技术和方法的发展，将允许在散装液体和薄液膜的表面测量以前未观察到的现象。与对物质的固相（包括其表面）的相对全面的理解相比，对液相的了解相对有限。尽管有大量关于液相的文献，但这一点仍然成立的一个原因是，大量液体中缺乏长程有序，这就排除了许多可测量的现象，而这些现象有助于目前对固体微观结构的理解。 ***

9523440 Pershan This project is concerned with the development of techniques and methods that will allow measurement of previously unobserved phenomena at the surfaces of both bulk liquids and thin liquid films. Some of the phenomena to be studied include: (i) The relation between microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of two-dimensional (2D) order of Langmuir monolayers (LM). One particularly interesting such system will be LM of periodic amphipillic polypeptides prepared by bacterial expression of artificial genes. (ii) The 2D in plane order of Langmuir monolayers of fullerene chemical derivatives on the surface of water. (iii) The effects of chemical variations on the in-plane structure of self assembled Langmuir monolayers of thiols on the surface of liquid mercury and possibly gallium. (iv) The compositional structure along the surface normal of wetting layers of complex systems, such as binary liquids and polymer brushes. These experiments can increase knowledge of the properties of liquid surfaces dramatically, and have potential commercial applications in the US and elsewhere. %%% The principal objective of this research program is to explore the microscopic structure and associated statistical properties of liquid surfaces. The project is concerned with the development of techniques and methods that will allow measurement of previously unobserved phenomena at the surfaces of both bulk liquids and thin liquid films. In contrast with the relatively comprehensive understanding of the solid phases of matter, including their surfaces, knowledge of the liquid phase is relatively modest. One reason that this is true in spite of the vast literature on liquid phases is that the lack of long-range order in bulk liquids obviates much of the measurable phenomena that contributed to the current understanding of the microscopic structure of solids. ***