Structure of Liquid Surfaces: X-ray Scattering Studies

9523440 Pershan这个项目关注的是技术和方法的发展，这些技术和方法将允许在散装液体和薄液体薄膜表面测量以前未观察到的现象。研究的一些现象包括：(i) Langmuir单层（LM）二维（2D）阶的微观结构与热力学性质之间的关系。一个特别有趣的系统将是由细菌表达人工基因制备的周期性两肽的LM。（ii）富勒烯化学衍生物在水表面的Langmuir单层平面二维顺序图。（iii）化学变化对液态汞和可能的镓表面自组装的Langmuir硫醇单层的面内结构的影响。（iv）二元液体、聚合物刷等复杂体系润湿层沿表面法向的组成结构。这些实验可以大大增加对液体表面特性的认识，并在美国和其他地方有潜在的商业应用。这项研究计划的主要目的是探索液体表面的微观结构和相关的统计性质。该项目关注的是技术和方法的发展，这些技术和方法将允许测量散装液体和薄液体膜表面以前未观察到的现象。与对物质的固相及其表面的相对全面的认识相比，对液相的认识相对有限。尽管有大量关于液相的文献，但这是正确的，其中一个原因是，散装液体缺乏长程有序，排除了许多可测量的现象，这些现象有助于当前对固体微观结构的理解。* * *

9523440 Pershan This project is concerned with the development of techniques and methods that will allow measurement of previously unobserved phenomena at the surfaces of both bulk liquids and thin liquid films. Some of the phenomena to be studied include: (i) The relation between microscopic structure and thermodynamic properties of two-dimensional (2D) order of Langmuir monolayers (LM). One particularly interesting such system will be LM of periodic amphipillic polypeptides prepared by bacterial expression of artificial genes. (ii) The 2D in plane order of Langmuir monolayers of fullerene chemical derivatives on the surface of water. (iii) The effects of chemical variations on the in-plane structure of self assembled Langmuir monolayers of thiols on the surface of liquid mercury and possibly gallium. (iv) The compositional structure along the surface normal of wetting layers of complex systems, such as binary liquids and polymer brushes. These experiments can increase knowledge of the properties of liquid surfaces dramatically, and have potential commercial applications in the US and elsewhere. %%% The principal objective of this research program is to explore the microscopic structure and associated statistical properties of liquid surfaces. The project is concerned with the development of techniques and methods that will allow measurement of previously unobserved phenomena at the surfaces of both bulk liquids and thin liquid films. In contrast with the relatively comprehensive understanding of the solid phases of matter, including their surfaces, knowledge of the liquid phase is relatively modest. One reason that this is true in spite of the vast literature on liquid phases is that the lack of long-range order in bulk liquids obviates much of the measurable phenomena that contributed to the current understanding of the microscopic structure of solids. ***