NIRT on Wetting of Surfaces with Nano-Scale Structures

NIRT 对纳米级结构表面润湿的影响

• 批准号: 0303916
• 负责人: Peter Pershan
• 金额: $ 100万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0303916&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NIRT; Wetting; Surfaces; Nano; Scale

This project will study the fundamental science and practical engineering of liquids confined to spaces of the order of up to just a few nanometers in size. In view of current efforts to develop technologies based on micro- and nano-fluidics this type of understanding can be of immense practical importance. One example where the need for this knowledge arises is in connection with the developing 'lab on a chip' devices that promise to play an important role in medical and chemical science. When liquids are confined to spaces that are not much larger than the molecular size their physical properties are influenced by the properties of the surface. For example, the condensation of liquid within a small capillary occurs at different vapor pressure from condensation on a flat surface of the same material. The difference depends on the interfacial energy between the liquid and the capillary walls and this is precisely the reason why engineers commonly insert surfactants into oil wells in order to enhance secondary oil recovery from porous rocks. In this project we will study the fundamental processes that determine the liquid-solid interfacial energy. A special feature of this project is that we are able to manufacture macroscopic samples with controlled nano-scale features that make precision in-situ measurements of the properties of confined liquids feasible. In addition to the laboratory-based techniques such as laser feedback interferometry and confocal optical microscopy, this project will make extensive use of synchrotron x-ray and neutron scattering facilities at our national laboratories. The experiments will be complemented by theory and computer simulations. Students participating in this project will be well trained in the cutting edge research that this country is committed to.%%%Current efforts to develop technologies based on micro- and nano-fluidics promise to provide cost effect methods to deal with basic medical and chemical applications. For example, the often discussed 'lab on a chip' should make it possible to carry out both basic scientific experiments and practical diagnostic tests using only small amounts of fluids that would be either costly or dangerous if done with standard amounts. A real problem that these developments will encounter eventually is that the properties of liquids that are confined to spaces that are not much larger than the molecular size are often different than those of unconfined liquids. This occurs because of the increased influence of the surface on smaller samples. This project will use both modern laboratory-based techniques such as laser feedback interferometry and confocal optical microscopy, as well as synchrotron x-ray and neutron scattering facilities at our national laboratories to study the scientific and engineering properties of liquids confined to specially manufactured nano-scale structures. Students participating in this project will be well trained in the cutting edge research that this country is committed to. Thus, this project will satisfy the dual national goals of advancing our scientific/technological knowledge while simultaneously preparing the next generation of men and women for research in our countries laboratories.***

该项目将研究限制在几纳米大小的空间中的液体的基础科学和实际工程。鉴于目前的努力，开发基于微和纳米流体技术，这种类型的理解可以是巨大的实际重要性。需要这种知识的一个例子是与发展中的“芯片实验室”设备有关，这些设备有望在医学和化学科学中发挥重要作用。当液体被限制在比分子尺寸大不了多少的空间中时，它们的物理性质受到表面性质的影响。例如，液体在小毛细管内的冷凝发生在与相同材料的平坦表面上的冷凝不同的蒸气压下。 这种差异取决于液体和毛细管壁之间的界面能，这正是工程师通常将表面活性剂注入威尔斯以提高多孔岩石二次采油的原因。在这个项目中，我们将研究决定液-固界面能的基本过程。该项目的一个特点是，我们能够制造宏观样品与控制的纳米尺度的功能，使精确的原位测量有限的液体的性能可行。除了激光反馈干涉测量法和共焦光学显微镜等实验室技术外，该项目还将广泛利用我国国家实验室的同步加速器X射线和中子散射设施。实验将通过理论和计算机模拟来补充。参加这个项目的学生将在这个国家致力于的尖端研究方面得到良好的培训。%目前开发基于微流体和纳米流体的技术的努力有望提供处理基本医疗和化学应用的成本效益方法。例如，经常讨论的“芯片上的实验室”应该可以使用少量的液体进行基本的科学实验和实际的诊断测试，如果使用标准量进行这些测试，则成本高昂或危险。 这些发展最终将遇到的一个真实的问题是，被限制在比分子尺寸大不了多少的空间中的液体的性质通常与无限制液体的性质不同。 这是因为表面对较小样品的影响增加。该项目将使用现代实验室技术，如激光反馈干涉测量法和共聚焦光学显微镜，以及我们国家实验室的同步加速器X射线和中子散射设施，研究局限于专门制造的纳米级结构的液体的科学和工程特性。参与该项目的学生将在该国致力于的尖端研究方面接受良好的培训。因此，该项目将满足国家的双重目标，即促进我们的科学/技术知识，同时为我们国家实验室的研究培养下一代男女。