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Hydrological, Geochemical and Microbiological Controls On Anaerobic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation In a Petroleum-Contaminated Aquifer

石油污染含水层中厌氧芳烃降解的水文、地球化学和微生物控制

基本信息

批准号：
9523932
负责人：
Derek Lovley
金额：
$ 34.95万
依托单位：
University of Massachusetts Amherst
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1995-10-01 至 1998-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9523932&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Hydrological Geochemical Microbiological Controls Anaerobic

项目摘要

9523932 Lovely Hydrological, Geochemical and Microbiological Controls on Anaerobic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation in a Petroleum-Contaminated Aquifer Contamination of ground water with petroleum products as the result of terrestrial oil spills and leaking underground storage tanks is a serious environmental problem. Toxic aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene which are important components of many fuels are water soluble and thus migrate with the ground water. Although aerobic microorganisms can readily degrade aromatic hydrocarbons when oxygen is present, most heavily contaminated ground waters lack oxygen. Recent studies have demonstrated that there are microorganisms which can degrade aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants in ground water in the absence of oxygen. These anaerobic microorganisms use ferric iron or sulfate as an electron acceptor for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons rather than oxygen. In some instances this anaerobic microbial metabolism can remove significant quantities of aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated ground waters and may alleviate the need for expensive remediation procedures. The purpose of this research is to determine what microorganisms are responsible for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated aquifers and to elucidate the environmental conditions which might stimulate or inhibit this microbial activity. Microbial populations in the aquifer will be studied with several novel techniques including a newly developed molecular method which permits rapid screening of the microbial populations in the sediments without the need to culture the microorganisms. The effect of changes in hydrological and geochemical conditions on the size and activity of the anaerobic microbial populations responsible for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation will be evaluated with field observations and in aquifer material that is experimentally manipulated in laboratory incubations. It is expected that these studies will identify key p arameters which can be used to simply and reliably predict the rate and extent of anaerobic romatic hydrocarbon degradation in petroleum-contaminated environments. ??

石油污染含水层厌氧芳烃降解的水文、地球化学和微生物控制陆地石油泄漏和地下储罐泄漏导致的石油产品污染地下水是一个严重的环境问题。有毒的芳香烃，如苯和甲苯，是许多燃料的重要成分，是水溶性的，因此随地下水迁移。虽然好氧微生物在有氧气的情况下可以很容易地降解芳烃，但大多数污染严重的地下水都缺乏氧气。最近的研究表明，在缺氧的情况下，有微生物可以降解地下水中的芳烃污染物。这些厌氧微生物使用铁或硫酸盐作为电子受体来降解芳烃，而不是氧气。在某些情况下，这种厌氧微生物代谢可以从受污染的地下水中去除大量芳香烃，并可能减轻昂贵的修复程序的需要。本研究的目的是确定哪些微生物对石油污染含水层中芳香烃的降解负责，并阐明可能刺激或抑制这种微生物活动的环境条件。含水层中的微生物种群将采用几种新技术进行研究，其中包括一种新开发的分子方法，该方法可以在不需要培养微生物的情况下快速筛选沉积物中的微生物种群。水文和地球化学条件的变化对负责芳香烃降解的厌氧微生物种群的大小和活动的影响将通过实地观察和在实验室孵育中实验处理的含水层材料进行评价。期望这些研究能够确定关键参数，用于简单可靠地预测石油污染环境中厌氧芳烃降解的速率和程度。？?