Fundamentals of Microwave-Induced Reactions Involving Non-Ionic Species

微波处理相对于传统加热具有直接加热和体积加热、选择性高、升温速度快、可控性高等综合优势。这项工作的目的是研究微波与非离子化学物质之间的基本相互作用。研究将：(1)通过对选定的非离子反应进行比较研究，确定微波诱导反应中的非热效应；(2)探索精确测温技术，确定微波加热过程中的分子温度；(3)量化分子水平上的电场和温度分布；(4)研究了微波反应器配置和控制对反应的影响。为了验证或反驳非离子型物质在微波加热过程中的非热效应，我们计划使用不同偶极矩的胺来研究环氧胺聚合和环氧胺模型化合物有机反应。由于微波效应主要发生在非离子反应的偶极点，因此将使用各种偶极矩系统。用于聚合的环氧化物为双酚A二缩水甘油酯醚（DGEBA）。用于模型化合物反应的环氧化物是双酚A烯丙基缩水甘油酯（AGEBA）和苯基缩水甘油酯（PGE）。将使用的胺将是间苯二胺（mPDA）、二氨基二苯甲烷（DDM）和二氨基二苯砜（DDS）。采用微波加热和常规加热进行平行等温反应实验。微波热力学分析将用于测量偶极基团的节段迁移率。在分子水平上的电场和温度分布将被模拟。预测的温度将与测量的温度进行比较。

The global advantages of microwave processing over conventional heating include direct and volumetric heating, high selectivity, fast heating rate, and high controllability. The objective of this work is to study the fundamental interactions between microwaves and non-ionic chemical species. The research will: (1) determine the non-thermal effects during microwave-induced reaction by a comparative study of selected non-ionic reactions; (2) explore accurate temperature measurement techniques and determine the molecular temperature during microwave heating; (3) quantify the electric field and temperature distributions at the molecular level; and (4) study the effects of microwave reactor configuration and control on the reaction. To verify or disprove the non-thermal effects during microwave heating of non-ionic species, studies of both epoxy-amine polymerization and epoxy-amine model-compound organic reactions are planned using amines of different dipole moments. Systems of various dipole moments will be used because microwave effects occur primarily at the dipolar s ites for non-ionic reactions. The epoxide to be used for polymerization is diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). The epoxides to be used for model-compound reactions are allyl glycidyl ether of bisphenol A (AGEBA) and phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE). The amines to be used will be meta phenylene diamine (mPDA), diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM), and diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). Parallel isothermal reaction experiments will be carried out using microwave and conventional thermal heating. Microwave thermal mechanical analysis will be investigated to measure the segmental mobility of the dipolar groups. The electric field and temperature distributions at the molecular level will be modelled. The predicted temperatures will be compared to the measured temperatures.