Collaborative Research: The Role of Choice in Avian Speciation

合作研究：选择在鸟类物种形成中的作用

• 批准号: 9526846
• 负责人: Patricia Parker
• 金额: $ 3.7万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1997-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9526846&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Role; Choice; Avian

Non-technical Summary NSF IBN95-07514 The Role of Mate Choice in Avian Speciation Nancy Tyler Burley, Principal Investigator A question of central interest to scientists studying the process of evolution is how the formation of new species ("speciation") occurs. Common mechanisms of speciation involve physical isolation of populations for long periods of time: when sufficiently isolated such that virtually no migration occurs between populations, populations regularly diverge in their traits. If isolation continues long enough, the result is speciation. Even occasional migration between populations, however, leads to gene exchange that prevents genetic divergence of populations from occurring, at least when the consequence of migration is joint reproduction of individuals derived from different populations. Thus, the tendency of organisms to accept as mates those individuals born in different populations should affect the probability and rate of speciation. For organisms with good powers of dispersal, physical isolation between populations may occur rarely, and mate choice for members of one's natal population could have an important role in speciation processes. This study experimentally investigates the occurrence and significance of mate preferences for natal population in two populations of longtailed finches. The longtailed finch is a small songbird native to northern Australia; although it is a strong flier, natural populations occurring at short distances from one another are highly distinctive. Preliminary work has established that birds from one population refuse to mate with birds from a different population. Additional work will determine the causes and functions of this preference for natal population. Research will include investigation of the cues birds use to recognize birds from their own population; how early life experiences may modify a bird's p erception of what constitutes "its own" population; and the role of preferences for associating with kin in these population preferences. Results of these experiments will be relevant to several broad areas of contemporary scientific exploration in biology, including population biology, evolution, ecology, and animal behavior. Results may be useful in furthering our understanding of captive breeding of wild animals and management of threatened species.

非技术性总结 NSF IBN95-07514 配偶选择在鸟类物种形成中的作用 Nancy泰勒伯利，主要研究者 研究进化过程的科学家们最感兴趣的一个问题是新物种的形成（“物种形成”）是如何发生的。物种形成的常见机制涉及种群长时间的物理隔离：当足够隔离时，种群之间几乎不发生迁移，种群的特征会定期分化。如果隔离持续足够长的时间，结果就是物种形成。 然而，即使是偶尔的种群间迁移，也会导致基因交换，从而防止种群发生遗传分化，至少在迁移的结果是来自不同种群的个体联合繁殖时是这样。因此，生物体接受出生在不同种群中的个体作为配偶的倾向应该会影响物种形成的概率和速度。对于具有良好传播能力的生物体，种群之间的物理隔离可能很少发生，而纳塔尔种群成员的配偶选择可能在物种形成过程中发挥重要作用。 本研究以两个长尾雀种群为实验对象，探讨了纳塔尔种群择偶偏好的发生及其意义。长尾雀是一种原产于澳大利亚北方的小型鸣禽;虽然它是一个强大的飞行者，但在短距离内发生的自然种群是非常独特的。 初步研究表明，来自一个种群的鸟类拒绝与来自另一个种群的鸟类交配。 进一步的工作将确定这种对纳塔尔人口的偏好的原因和功能。 研究将包括调查鸟类用来识别自己种群中的鸟类的线索;早期的生活经历如何改变鸟类对“自己”种群的感知;以及在这些种群偏好中与亲属联系的偏好的作用。 这些实验的结果将与当代生物学科学探索的几个广泛领域有关，包括种群生物学，进化，生态学和动物行为。研究结果可能有助于我们进一步了解野生动物的圈养繁殖和受威胁物种的管理。